Occurrence of equine metabolic syndrome, clinical manifestations, and associated risk factors in Nigeria.

Insulin dysregulation (ID) is central to the pathophysiology of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), putting the horse at risk of laminitis. There is a paucity of information on the status of EMS in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of EMS, clinical manifestations, and associated risk factors in Nigeria.

Effects of crude methanol extract of fruit pulp on venom-induce toxicity in Wistar rats.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of Crude Methanol Extract of Fruit Pulp on Venom-Induce Toxicity in Wistar rats.

Methods: . was extracted using 70% methanol and median lethal dose (LD) of both the extract and venom were determined using the up-and-down method.