Glycolipid Metabolite β-Glucosylceramide Is a Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Inducing Ligand of Mincle Released during Bacterial Infection and Inflammation.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in host defense and inflammatory pathologies alike. A wide range of pathogen- and host-derived factors are known to induce NETs, yet the knowledge about specific receptor-ligand interactions in this response is limited. We previously reported that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) regulates NET formation.

Scope of Practice of the Rural Surgeon.

The scope of practice of a rural surgeon depends not only the individual skillset of the surgeon, but also local resources.

M1 Macrophage Polarization Is Dependent on TRPC1-Mediated Calcium Entry.

Macrophage plasticity is essential for innate immunity, but in-depth signaling mechanism(s) regulating their functional phenotypes are ill-defined. Here we report that interferon (IFN) γ priming of naive macrophages induces store-mediated Ca entry and inhibition of Ca entry impairs polarization to M1 inflammatory phenotype. In vitro and in vivo functional analyses revealed ORAI1 to be a primary contributor to basal Ca influx in macrophages, whereas IFNγ-induced Ca influx was mediated by TRPC1.

The lost to trauma patient follow-up: a system or patient problem.

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the reasons for trauma patients' failure to follow up at a trauma clinic (TC).

Methods: A 1-year retrospective analysis was conducted on those trauma services patients (n = 799) who were discharged from Parkview Hospital in 2009. Hospital electronic medical records were examined to identify variables of interest; telephone interviews were attempted on those patients who failed to follow up (FTF); and calls were made to the offices of involved subspecialist (SS) to determine if any follow-up had occurred.

Ten-year retrospective study of delayed diagnosis of injury in pediatric trauma patients at a level II trauma center.

Background: Published rates of delayed diagnosis of injury (DDI) in pediatric trauma vary from 1.0% to 18%. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term trend of DDI over 10 years, to identify risk factors associated with DDI, and to elucidate patterns of DDI.

Discharging to a nursing home: not a terminal event--a follow-up study of senior motor vehicle crash patients.

Discharge to a nursing home (NH) because of chronic debilitating diseases or old age is generally a terminal event. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the NH outcome of senior citizens injured in motor vehicle crashes (MVC) discharged to a NH. From 2000 through 2004, 157 patients 75 years and older were admitted to the hospital for MVC.

Pediatric trauma deaths: a three-part analysis from a nonacademic trauma center.

A three-part analysis was undertaken to assess pediatric trauma mortality in a nonacademic Level II trauma center at Parkview Hospital in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Part I was a comparison of Parkview trauma registry data collected from 1999 through 2003 with those of pediatric and adult trauma centers in Pennsylvania. The same methodology used in Pennsylvania was used for the initial evaluation of pediatric deaths from trauma in our trauma center.

Amish buggy injuries in the 21st century: A retrospective review from a rural level II trauma center.

Horse-drawn buggies are rarely used in modern society except among certain religious groups. Northeastern Indiana has one of the largest populations of one such group: the Amish. Although there are papers written about the incidence of buggy crashes, no paper has specifically addressed the specific types of injuries sustained when buggies collide with motorized vehicles.