Experiences and resultant care gaps among women with HIV in Canada: concept mapping the Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) findings.

Objectives: The community-based, longitudinal, Canadian HIV Women's Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) explored the experiences of women with HIV in Canada over the past decade. CHIWOS' high-impact publications document significant gaps in the provision of healthcare to women with HIV. We used concept mapping to analyse and present a summary of CHIWOS findings on women's experiences navigating these gaps.

Women-centred HIV care: a scoping review to understand the current state of service delivery for women living with HIV globally.

Women living with HIV (WLWH) face unique barriers and require specialized, integrated care that focuses on women's specific needs. We conducted a scoping review to examine factors important for a women-centred HIV care (WCHC) approach. We included published peer-reviewed articles which featured WCHC services as their central focus; included study populations of girls and WLWH aged 14 years of age or older; and contributed to the understanding of WCHC for WLWH.

A/C study protocol: a cross-sectional study of HIV epidemiology among African, Caribbean and Black people in Ontario.

Introduction: African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) communities are disproportionately infected by HIV in Ontario, Canada. They constitute only 5% of the population of Ontario yet account for 25% of new diagnoses of HIV. The aim of this study is to understand underlying factors that augment the HIV risk in ACB communities and to inform policy and practice in Ontario.

Identification of Glutamic Acid as a Host Marking Pheromone of the African Fruit Fly Species Ceratitis rosa (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Host marking pheromones (HMPs) deposited by female fruit flies deter other females from overexploiting the same fruit for egg laying. Using a bioassay-guided approach, we identified the HMP of the Natal fruit fly species Ceratitis rosa as glutamic acid, 1, from the aqueous fecal matter extract of ovipositing females by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Dual choice oviposition assays showed that both the fecal matter extract and 1 significantly reduced oviposition responses in conspecific females of C.

Pathways From HIV-Related Stigma to Antiretroviral Therapy Measures in the HIV Care Cascade for Women Living With HIV in Canada.

Background: Associations between HIV-related stigma and reduced antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence are widely established, yet the mechanisms accounting for this relationship are underexplored. There has been less attention to HIV-related stigma and its associations with ART initiation and current ART use. We examined pathways from HIV-related stigma to ART initiation, current ART use, and ART adherence among women living with HIV in Canada.

Identification of the Ubiquitous Antioxidant Tripeptide Glutathione as a Fruit Fly Semiochemical.

Many insects mark their oviposition sites with a host marking pheromone (HMP) to deter other females from overexploiting these sites. Previous studies have identified and used HMPs to manage certain fruit fly species; however, few are known for African indigenous fruit flies. The HMP of the African fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra, was identified as the ubiquitous plant and animal antioxidant tripeptide, glutathione (GSH).

Potential of the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an Unconventional Source of Dietary and Therapeutic Sterols.

Insects are increasingly being recognized not only as a source of food to feed the ever growing world population but also as potential sources of new products and therapeutic agents, among which are sterols. In this study, we sought to profile sterols and their derivatives present in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, focusing on those with potential importance as dietary and therapeutic components for humans. Using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we analyzed and compared the quantities of sterols in the different sections of the gut and tissues of the locust.

Evidence for potential of managing some African fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) using the mango fruit fly host-marking pheromone.

We investigated conspecific and heterospecific oviposition host discrimination among four economically important fruit fly pests of mango in Africa (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann; C. fasciventris, Bezzi; C. rosa, Karsch, and C.

Comparison of volatile blends and gene sequences of two isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae of different virulence and repellency toward the termite Macrotermes michaelseni.

Previously, we reported an interesting relationship between virulence and repellency of different isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae towards the termite Macrotermes michaelseni: the higher the virulence of a given isolate, the greater its repellency. In the present study, we compared the volatile profiles of two isolates, one that was more virulent (and repellent) and one that was less virulent (and repellent) to the termite. The prominent components of the two blends were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and authenticated by gas chromatography co-injections with synthetic standards.

New antitrypanosomal tetranotriterpenoids from Azadirachta indica.

Organic extracts of the leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. yielded ten antitrypanosomal terpenoids.

New mosquito larvicidal tetranortriterpenoids from Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda.

The crude methanol extracts of the root barks of Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda were found to show mosquito larvicidal activity against third-instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. Four new limonoids comprising a vilasininoid 1 and three havanensinoids 2-4 were isolated from the chloroform fractions of the methanol extracts of T. wakefieldii and T.

Ring A-seco mosquito larvicidal limonoids from Turraea wakefieldii.

Five novel limonoids, 1-5, were isolated from the root bark of Turraea wakefieldii and were characterized as tecleaninoid derivatives. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of tecleanin-type limonoids with a five-membered-ring A-seco structure for which we propose the name neotecleanins. The relative stereochemical structures of compounds 1-5 were established on the basis of NMR spectroscopy.