Psychometric testing of the clinical nurse leader staff satisfaction instrument.

Background And Purpose: Patient care is changing rapidly with increased complexity of care, patient volumes, and financial constraints with rising health care costs and limited reimbursements. In response, the clinical nurse leader (CNL) role was developed. No appropriate instrument exists to measure staff satisfaction with the CNL role.

Organizational culture: the silent political force.

Organizational cultures are affected by, and affect, organization politics. Underlying all cultures is the values of the individuals in the organization. These need to be identified and understood by anyone who seeks to influence or change behaviors.