In situ adenovirus vaccination engages T effector cells against cancer.

The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is limited because of central and peripheral immune tolerance towards tumor-antigens. We propose a novel approach based on the fact that the immune system has not evolved tolerance towards adenoviruses (Ads) and that Ads have not evolved efficient mechanisms for immune-escape. The host-response to intratumoral Ad-vector injection in mice that were immunologically tolerant to neu-positive syngeneic mammary-cancer (MMC) was investigated.

Laboratory analysis of T-cell immunity.

Immune-based strategies for treating and preventing cancer are increasingly being tested and include cancer vaccination, adoptive T cell therapy, and cytokine therapy. An important component of testing and development of immune-based strategies is monitoring the immunologic response. The ability to monitor T cell immunity has been suboptimal.