Cutaneous metastases of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine carcinomas with distant metastases are rarely reported in the literature, with cutaneous metastases being among the most infrequently reported sites. The importance of distinguishing metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) from primary neuroendocrine carcinoma in the skin, or Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), has been stressed in the literature, with CK20 positivity traditionally being reported as the key diagnostic feature of MCC. Our case not only serves as one of the few reported cases of cutaneous metastases of a visceral NEC, but also serves to caution providers as to the use of CK20 positivity as an absolute diagnostic feature.

Lichenoid drug eruption after human papillomavirus vaccination.

Lichenoid drug reactions have been linked to a long and growing list of medications, most of which are used mainly in adults, making these reactions exceedingly rare in children. To the best of our knowledge, this case report is the first of a lichenoid drug eruption in a child after human papillomavirus vaccination.

Treatment of alopecia areata with topical sensitizers.

For those with severe alopecia areata, with greater than 50% scalp involvement, topical immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone or squaric acid dibutylester is considered the treatment of choice. This article not only reviews the safety and efficacy of topical sensitizers for the treatment of alopecia areata but also highlights strides that have been made in the literature concerning their use in pediatric populations, molecular mechanisms of efficacy, and improved safety through targeted delivery methods.