Magnitude of antigen-specific T-cell immunity the month after completing vaccination series predicts the development of long-term persistence of antitumor immune response.

Background: For best efficacy, vaccines must provide long-lasting immunity. To measure longevity, memory from B and T cells are surrogate endpoints for vaccine efficacy. When antibodies are insufficient for protection, the immune response must rely on T cells.

Advances in the Clinical Application of High-throughput Proteomics.

High-throughput proteomics has become an exciting field and a potential frontier of modern medicine since the early 2000s. While significant progress has been made in the technical aspects of the field, translating proteomics to clinical applications has been challenging. This review summarizes recent advances in clinical applications of high-throughput proteomics and discusses the associated challenges, advantages, and future directions.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancer.

Advanced gynecologic cancers have historically lacked effective treatment options. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, offering durable responses for some patients. In addition, many immunotherapy strategies are under investigation for the treatment of earlier stages of disease or in other gynecologic cancers, such as ovarian cancer and rare gynecologic tumors.

Unexpected Liver and Kidney Pathology in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-fat Diet and Given Azoxymethane to Induce Colon Cancer.

Multiple animal models have been developed to investigate the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and to evaluate potential treatments. One model system uses azoxymethane, a metabolite of cycasin, alone and in conjunction with dextran sodium sulfate to induce colon cancer in rodents. Azoxymethane is metabolized by hepatic P450 enzymes and can also be eliminated through the kidneys.

Anti-tumor activity of a T-helper 1 multiantigen vaccine in a murine model of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the few malignancies that includes vaccination as a treatment modality. Elements of an effective cancer vaccine should include the ability to elicit a Type I T-cell response and target multiple antigenic proteins expressed early in the disease. Using existing gene datasets encompassing normal prostate tissue and tumors with Gleason Score ≤ 6 and ≥ 8, 10 genes were identified that were upregulated and conserved in prostate cancer regardless of the aggressiveness of disease.

Metabolic adaptation of ovarian tumors in patients treated with an IDO1 inhibitor constrains antitumor immune responses.

To uncover underlying mechanisms associated with failure of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) blockade in clinical trials, we conducted a pilot, window-of-opportunity clinical study in 17 patients with newly diagnosed advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer before their standard tumor debulking surgery. Patients were treated with the IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat, and immunologic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic characterization of the tumor microenvironment was undertaken in baseline and posttreatment tumor biopsies. IDO1 inhibition resulted in efficient blockade of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation and was accompanied by a metabolic adaptation that shunted tryptophan catabolism toward the serotonin pathway.

Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD) Virtual Workshop on Immunomodulatory Agents: Report.

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) convened the "Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD) Workshop on Immunomodulatory Agents" as a virtual 2-day workshop on September 13 to 14, 2021. The main goals of this workshop were to foster the exchange of ideas and potentially new collaborative interactions among leading cancer immunoprevention researchers from basic and clinical research and highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention. The workshop included an overview of the mechanistic classes of immunomodulatory agents and three sessions covering the gamut from preclinical to clinical studies.

COX-2 Inhibitors Decrease Expression of PD-L1 in Colon Tumors and Increase the Influx of Type I Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes.

Unlabelled: Colon cancer is initiated under inflammatory conditions associated with upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins. We evaluated immune modulation induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents used for colon cancer prevention. Both celecoxib and naproxen inhibited polyp growth in APC Min mice.