Added Sugars in School Meals and the Diets of School-Age Children.

Research is limited on added sugars in school meals and children's dietary intakes after the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended that added sugars be limited to less than 10% of total calories. This analysis uses data from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study (SNMCS) to examine levels of added sugars in: (1) school meals and (2) children's dietary intakes at breakfast, lunch, and over 24 h on school days. SNMCS data were collected in the 2014-2015 school year after updated nutrition standards for school meals were implemented.

Differences in Diet Quality between School Lunch Participants and Nonparticipants in the United States by Income and Race.

Prior research has shown that participation in the United States' National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is associated with consuming higher-quality lunches and diets overall, but little is known about differences by income and race/ethnicity. This analysis used 24 h dietary recall data from the School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study to examine how NSLP participation affects the diet quality of students in different income and racial/ethnic subgroups. Diet quality at lunch and over 24 h was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, where higher scores indicate higher-quality intakes.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Healthy Harlem's Get Fit Program: An After-School Intervention for Childhood Overweight and Obesity in the Harlem Children's Zone.

Although the increases in overweight and obesity observed for several decades have appeared to have leveled off, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remains exceptionally high among children of color. This article estimates the effect of Healthy Harlem's Get Fit-a 12-week after-school program aimed at helping students improve physical activity and eating habits-on BMI and weight status of adolescents. Participants were 436 students who had overweight or obesity in 12 Harlem Children's Zone after-school programs in New York.

Updated Nutrition Standards Have Significantly Improved the Nutritional Quality of School Lunches and Breakfasts.

Background: Implementation of updated nutrition standards for school meals began during school year (SY) 2012-2013. The standards were designed to improve the nutritional quality of the meals and their consistency with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

Objective: To assess the nutritional quality of school lunches and breakfasts after the updated standards were in place and compare it with the nutritional quality of the meals before the updated standards.

Complementary feeding and developmental milestones: a systematic review.

Background: Systematic reviews were conducted as part of the USDA and the US Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to examine the relation between complementary feeding and developmental milestones.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews examining the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFB), and the types and amounts of CFB consumed, and developmental milestones.

Methods: The literature was searched using 4 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and CINAHL) to identify articles that met predetermined criteria for inclusion.

Complementary feeding and micronutrient status: a systematic review.

Background: Proper nutrition during early life is critical for growth and development.

Objectives: The aim was to describe systematic reviews conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following: What is the relation between 1) timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) or 2) types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and micronutrient status (iron, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, folate, and fatty acid status)?

Methods: A literature search identified articles from developed countries published from January 1980 to July 2016 that met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and risk of bias assessed.

Types and amounts of complementary foods and beverages consumed and growth, size, and body composition: a systematic review.

Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) were conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team for the USDA's and the Department of Health and Human Services' Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.

Objectives: The aim was to describe the SRs examining the relationship between types and amounts of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) and growth, size, and body-composition outcomes.

Methods: The NESR team collaborated with subject matter experts to conduct this SR.

Complementary feeding and food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review.

Background: Nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood may influence health and disease prevention across the life span. Complementary feeding (CF) starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during infancy and continuing to age 24 mo.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews conducted for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following question: What is the relationship between the timing of the introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs), or types and amounts of CFBs consumed, and the development of food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis?

Methods: The literature was searched using 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to February 2017 that met predetermined inclusion criteria.

Timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages and growth, size, and body composition: a systematic review.

Background: The systematic review described in this article was conducted as part of the USDA and Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project.

Objectives: The aim was to describe the relationship between timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) and growth, size, and body-composition outcomes across the life span.

Methods: The literature was searched and selected using predetermined criteria.

Complementary feeding and bone health: a systematic review.

Background: Proper nutrition during infancy and toddlerhood is crucial for supporting healthy growth and development, including bone health. Complementary feeding is the process that starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during late infancy and continuing to 24 mo of age.

Objectives: This article aims to describe systematic reviews (SRs) conducted by the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer these questions: what is the relationship between 1) timing of introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) or 2) types and/or amounts of CFBs consumed and bone health? Methods: The literature was searched with the use of 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to July 2016 that addressed these topics and met predetermined criteria for inclusion.

Cross-sectional analysis of eating patterns and snacking in the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008.

Objective: To explore eating patterns and snacking among US infants, toddlers and pre-school children.

Design: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008 was a cross-sectional national survey of children aged 6-47 months, weighted to reflect US age and racial/ethnic distributions. Dietary data were collected using one multiple-pass 24h recall.

Food consumption patterns of young preschoolers: are they starting off on the right path?

Objective: To describe the food consumption patterns of US children aged 2 and 3 years.

Design: Descriptive analysis of data collected in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008 based on a single 24-hour dietary recall collected by telephone.

Subjects: A national random sample of children aged 2 and 3 years (n=1,461).

Food consumption patterns of infants and toddlers: where are we now?

Objectives: To describe current infant-feeding practices and current food group consumption patterns of infants and toddlers and to compare 2008 data with 2002 data to identify shifts in these practices and food consumption over time.

Design: The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008 is a cross-sectional survey of a national random sample of US children from birth up to age 4 years. Data for three age subgroups (infants 4 to 5.

Nutrient intakes of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers meet or exceed dietary reference intakes.

Objectives: To assess the usual nutrient intakes of 3,273 US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers, aged 0 to 47 months, surveyed in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008; and to compare data on the usual nutrient intakes for the two waves of FITS conducted in 2002 and 2008.

Design: The FITS 2008 is a cross-sectional survey of a national random sample of US children from birth through age 47 months. Usual nutrient intakes derived from foods, beverages, and supplements were ascertained using a telephone-administered, multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall.

The Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study 2008: study design and methods.

Objective: Describe the study design, data collection methods, 24-hour dietary recall protocol, and sample characteristics of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008.

Design: A cross-sectional study designed to obtain information on the diets and feeding patterns of US infants, toddlers, and preschoolers ages birth to 47 months. Telephone interviews with parents and caregivers were conducted from June 2008 through January 2009 and included a household interview to recruit the household and collect information on household and child demographics and nutrition-related characteristics, and a dietary interview, including a 24-hour dietary recall collected using the 2008 Nutrition Data System for Research.