Effects of prenatal micronutrients supplementation timing on pregnancy-induced hypertension: Secondary analysis of a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

In this secondary analysis of data from a double-blind randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00133744) of micronutrient supplementation (multiple micronutrients [MMN], iron-folic acid [IFA] and folic acid [FA] alone), we examined the potential modifying effect of gestational age at enrolment on the association of antenatal supplementation and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). We included 18,775 nulliparous pregnant women with mild or no anaemia who were enrolled at 20 weeks of gestation or earlier from five counties of northern China.

Four years after implementation of a national micronutrient powder program in Kyrgyzstan, prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is lower, but prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is higher.

Background/objectives: In 2009, the Ministry of Health of Kyrgyzstan launched a national Infant and Young Child Nutrition (IYCN) program which included point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders (MNP) containing iron, vitamin A, and other micronutrients. Caretakers of children aged 6-23 months were given 30 sachets of MNP every 2 months. Micronutrient surveys were conducted in 2009 and 2013.

Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension: A randomized clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Increasing evidence suggests that iron-containing multiple micronutrient may reduce the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension including gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. We aimed to examine whether 30 mg iron plus folic acid or multiple micronutrients during pregnancy reduces the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis by the dataset from a double-blind randomized controlled trial in China from 2006 to 2009 that was conducted to investigate the effects of multiple micronutrient supplements on adverse pregnancy outcomes when provided to pregnant women with no/mild anemia.

Factors associated with inflammation in preschool children and women of reproductive age: Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project.

In many settings, populations experience recurrent exposure to inflammatory agents that catalyze fluctuations in the concentrations of acute-phase proteins and certain micronutrient biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), ferritin, and retinol. Few data are available on the prevalence and predictors of inflammation in diverse settings. We aimed to assess the relation between inflammation (CRP concentration >5 mg/L or AGP concentration >1 g/L) and covariates, such as demographics, reported illness, and anthropometric status, in preschool children (PSC) (age range: 6-59 mo) and women of reproductive age (WRA) (age range: 15-49 y).

C-reactive protein increases with gestational age during pregnancy among Chinese women.

Objective: To examine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to gestational weeks during pregnancy among Chinese women.

Methods: From a randomized control trial of prenatal supplementation with folic acid, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrients in China, we examined 834 pregnant women with CRP measured initially between 5 and 20 weeks and at follow-up between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. We calculated and plotted CRP geometric means by gestational weeks.

Modifying effects of maternal Hb concentration on infant birth weight in women receiving prenatal iron-containing supplements: a randomised controlled trial.

Concerns have been raised about the benefits of Fe-containing supplements on infant birth weight among women with normal/high Hb levels at baseline. Thus far, no clinical trials have examined whether the effects of prenatal Fe-containing supplements on birth weight vary by maternal Hb levels. We compared the effects of Fe-folic acid (IFA) or multiple micronutrients (MMN) with folic acid (FA) supplements on birth weight among pregnant women with mild/no anaemia or high Hb levels.

Evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortification programs on iron status and anemia: a systematic review.

Context: More than 80 countries fortify flour, yet the public health impact of this intervention on iron and anemia outcomes has not been reviewed.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to review published and gray literature pertaining to the impact of flour fortification on iron and anemia.

Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted by searching 17 databases and appealing for unpublished reports, yielding 1881 documents.

Iron-containing micronutrient supplementation of Chinese women with no or mild anemia during pregnancy improved iron status but did not affect perinatal anemia.

Universal prenatal daily iron-folic acid (IFA) and multiple micronutrient (MM) supplements are recommended to reduce the risk of low birth weight, maternal anemia, and iron deficiency (ID) during pregnancy, but the evidence of their effect on iron status among women with mild or no anemia is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the iron status [serum ferritin (SF), serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and body iron (BI)] before and after micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy. We examined 834 pregnant women with hemoglobin > 100 g/L at enrollment before 20 wk of gestation and with iron measurement data from a subset of a randomized, double-blind trial in China.

Suspected outbreak of riboflavin deficiency among populations reliant on food assistance: a case study of drought-stricken Karamoja, Uganda, 2009-2010.

Background: In 2009, a humanitarian response was launched to address a food security and livelihoods crisis in Karamoja, Uganda. During a polio immunization campaign in mid-August 2009, health workers in Nakapiripit District reported a concern about an increase in mouth sores, or angular stomatitis (AS) and gum ulcerations, among children in one village, and an investigation was launched.

Objective: This article describes the investigation, lessons learned, and provides guidance for monitoring micronutrient deficiencies among populations receiving food assistance.

Micronutrient supplementation and pregnancy outcomes: double-blind randomized controlled trial in China.

Background: Beyond perinatal folic acid supplementation, the need for additional prenatal prophylaxis of iron with or without other micronutrients remains unclear. We aim to investigate the maternal and infant health effects of iron plus folic acid and multiple micronutrient supplements vs folic acid alone when provided to pregnant women with no or mild anemia.

Methods: In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 18,775 nulliparous pregnant women with mild or no anemia were enrolled from 5 counties of northern China from May 2006 through April 2009.

Some subgroups of reproductive age women in the United States may be at risk for iodine deficiency.

Consuming an adequate amount of iodine during pregnancy is critical for fetal neurologic development. Even a mild deficiency can impair cognitive ability. Important sources of iodine in the United States include dairy products and iodized salt.

Adherence to vitamin D recommendations among US infants.

Objectives: In November 2008, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) doubled the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for infants and children, from 200 IU/day (2003 recommendation) to 400 IU/day. We aimed to assess the prevalence of infants meeting the AAP recommended intake of vitamin D during their first year of life.

Methods: Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conducted from 2005 to 2007, we estimated the percentage of infants who met vitamin D recommendations at ages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

Obesity, physical activity, and depressive symptoms in a cohort of adults aged 51 to 61.

Objective: To determine associations between changes in obesity and vigorous physical activity (PA) status and depressive symptoms in a cohort aged 51 to 61 years at baseline.

Method: Two waves (1992, 1998) of Health and Retirement Study data were used to divide participants into four obesity and four vigorous PA status categories based on change in or maintenance of their 1992 status in 1998. Depressive symptoms were defined as the upper quintile score (women >/= 4, men >/= 3) on the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale.

Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among U.S. men and women, 1994-2005.

Introduction: Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables as part of an overall healthful diet can help lower chronic disease risk and aid in weight management. Increasing the percentage of Americans who consume enough fruits and vegetables every day is part of the Healthy People 2010 objectives for the nation. Assessing trends in consumption of these foods is important for tracking public health initiatives to meet this goal and for planning future objectives.

Health perceptions and demographic characteristics associated with underassessment of body weight.

Objectives: To describe the relationship between BMI and perceived weight status and to determine how underassessment of weight status is associated with demographic characteristics, self-reported general health, and perceived health risk in relation to one's body weight.

Methods And Procedures: In the 2004 Styles surveys, 3,888 US adult participants described their current weight status (underweight, about right, slightly overweight, very overweight), which we compared with self-reported BMI in order to determine concordance. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate associations between underassessment of body weight and characteristics of interest.

Perceived health risk of excess body weight among overweight and obese men and women: differences by sex.

Objectives: To describe perceptions of health risk from excess body weight among adults, and assess if lack of perceived risk was associated with trying to lose weight.

Methods: Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to determine odds of disagreement that one's weight is a health risk and odds of trying to lose weight among overweight (BMI=25.0-29.

Activity/participation limitation and weight loss among overweight and obese US adults: 1999 to 2002 NHANES.

Objective: To examine the prevalence and association of activity/participation limitation with trying to lose weight and weight loss practices (eating fewer calories, physical activity, or both) among overweight and obese adults in the United States.

Research Methods And Procedures: Eligible adults were 20 years of age or older with a body mass index (BMI) >or= 25 kg/m(2) (n = 5608) who responded to standard physical functioning questions included in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a continuous survey of the civilian non-institutionalized US population.

Results: Obese (BMI >or= 30) men with vs.

Health-related quality of life and weight loss practices among overweight and obese US adults, 2003 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

Background: Trying to lose weight is a concern for many Americans, but motivation for weight loss is not fully understood. Clinical assessment for obesity treatment is primarily based on measures of body size and physical comorbidities; however, these factors may not be enough to motivate individuals to lose weight. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may have a role in an individual's decision to try to lose weight.

Childhood overweight and family income.

Objective: To examine the relation of family income, expressed relative to the poverty threshold, to the prevalence of childhood overweight, and to determine whether the association differs by race/ethnicity and time period.

Subjects And Methods: Most analyses were based on 2- to 19-year-old participants (n=10,409) in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004. Additional analyses were performed using NHANES data collected from 1971 to 1994 to determine whether family income showed similar associations with childhood overweight (body mass index [BMI] for age > or = CDC 95th percentile) over this time period.

Weight regain in U.S. adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999-2002.

Background: Relatively few studies have focused on who is at risk for weight regain after weight loss and how to prevent it. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and predictors of weight regain in U.S.

Sedentary behavior, recreational physical activity, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women.

Objective: To assess the relationship among recreational physical activity (PA), non-occupational sedentary behavior, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal U.S. women 40 to 69 years old.

Use of nonprescription dietary supplements for weight loss is common among Americans.

Objective: Dietary supplements are not recommended as part of a weight-loss program due to concerns about efficacy and safety. This study sought to assess prevalence and duration of nonprescription weight-loss supplement use, associated weight-control behaviors, discussion of use with a health care professional, and specific ingredient use.

Participants And Design: Adults aged > or =18 years (n=9,403) completed a cross-sectional population-based telephone survey of health behaviors from September 2002 through December 2002.