Cardiovascular responses to repetitive defibrillation during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator testing.

Objective: To study the effects of electrical applications and subsequent postshock hypotension on myocardial performance and vascular tone during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement.

Design: Prospective, blinded, observational investigation.

Setting: Single, university-affiliated institution.