Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration.

Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in knockout () male mice.

Enhancing the Effect of Placental Extract on the Regeneration of Crush Injured Facial Nerve.

There is a scarcity of experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration using placental extract (PE). This study aimed to investigate the effects of topical PE application on recovery after crush injury to the rat facial nerve using functional, electrophysiological, and morphological evaluations. The viability of the RSC96 Schwann cells treated with PE (0.

Changes in the Neuronal Architecture of the Hippocampus in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rat Model of Parkinson Disease.

Purpose: Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which dopaminergic (DAergic) systems are destroyed (particularly in the nigrostriatal system), causing both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Hippocampal neuroplasticity is altered in PD animal models, resulting in nonmotor dysfunctions. However, little is known about the precise mechanism underlying the hippocampal dysfunctions in PD.

Effect of Pre-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Coated Cellulose/Collagen Nanofibrous Nerve Conduit on Regeneration of Transected Facial Nerve.

(1) Objective: In order to evaluate the effect of a pre-induced mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-coated cellulose/collagen nanofibrous nerve conduit on facial nerve regeneration in a rat model both in vitro and in vivo. (2) Methods: After fabrication of the cellulose/collagen nanofibrous conduit, its lumen was coated with either MSCs or pre-induced MSCs. The nerve conduit was then applied to the defective main trunk of the facial nerve.

SREBP and central nervous system disorders: genetic overlaps revealed by analysis.

Background: The central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in lipids; despite this, studies exploring the functional roles of lipids in the brain are still limited. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) signaling is a transcriptomic pathway that predominantly participates in the maintenance of lipid homeostasis; however, its involvement in the CNS dysfunction is not well-established. In this study, we aimed to characterize and pinpoint specific genes of the SREBP pathway which may be implicated in neurodegenerative, neurological, and neuropsychiatric diseases.

Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions.

Impact of replacing pork backfat with rapeseed oleosomes - Natural pre-emulsified oil - On technological properties of meat model systems.

The application of natural oil droplets called oleosomes (OSs) as a potential fat replacer in comminuted meat products was investigated by evaluating the influence of rapeseed OS incorporation at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% pork fat substitution levels on the technological properties of meat model systems. The moisture content, pH, L* and b* of meat model systems increased while the fat content and a* decreased with the increasing levels of fat replacement. Treatments prepared with OSs showed improvements in emulsion and oxidative stability of meat batters.

Neuroprotective Effect of Valproic Acid on Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus.

High-dose salicylate induces temporary moderate hearing loss and the perception of a high-pitched tinnitus in humans and animals. Previous studies demonstrated that high doses of salicylate increase N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels, resulting in a rise in Ca influx and induction of excitotoxicity. Glutamate excitotoxicity is associated with failure in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Behavioral characterization in MPTP/p mouse model of Parkinson's disease.

We evaluated the practicability of using the rarely utilized C57BL/6N mouse as a Parkinson's disease model established via the acute MPTP/probenecid (MPTP/p) protocol. We confirmed dopaminergic degeneration in terms of decreased expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP/p-lesioned mice. In addition, acute MPTP/p-lesioned mice demonstrated initial motor dysfunctions followed by spontaneous recovery.

Acute MPTP Treatment Impairs Dendritic Spine Density in the Mouse Hippocampus.

Among the animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse model has shown both dopaminergic (DA) damage and related motor control defects, as observed in patients with PD. Recent studies have suggested that the DA system interacts with the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus in PD. However, little is known about how alterations in the hippocampal structural plasticity are affected by the DA damage in MPTP-lesioned models.

SREBP-1c Deficiency Affects Hippocampal Micromorphometry and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Ability in Mice.

Changes in structural and functional neuroplasticity have been implicated in various neurological disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is a critical regulatory molecule of lipid homeostasis in the brain. Recently, our findings have shown the potential involvement of SREBP-1c deficiency in the alteration of novel modulatory molecules in the hippocampus and occurrence of schizophrenia-like behaviors in mice.

Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of scorpion extract in a Parkinson's disease murine model based on multi-omics approach.

Objective: To investigate whether scorpion extract elicits a neuroprotective effect in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice models, and the genes associated with the therapeutic effects using RNA sequencing (seq) analysis.

Methods: This study investigated the changes in interaction between messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation related to the protective effects of scorpion extracts, in the substantia nigra (SN) region of a MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model.

Results: In this model, scorpion extracts attenuated the motor impairment as demonstrated by the rotarod and open field tests.

Effect of Growth Factor-Loaded Acellular Dermal Matrix/MSCs on Regeneration of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforations in Rats.

The success rate of grafting using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for chronic tympanic membrane was reported in previous studies to be lower than fascia or perichondrium. Combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factor-loaded ADM for the regeneration of chronic TMP has not been reported so far. In this study, we hypothesized that combining growth factor-loaded ADM/MSCs could promote the recruitment of MSCs and assist in TMP regeneration.

Neuroprotective Effect of ' Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Seizures and Hippocampal Neurodegeneration.

This study aimed to investigate whether the (PB)' water extract (PBWE) ameliorates trimethyltin (TMT)-induced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration. To investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of the PBWE in vitro, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was conducted in TMT-treated primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. In TMT-treated adult C57BL/6 mice, behavioral and histopathological changes were evaluated by seizure scoring and Fluoro-Jade C staining, respectively.

Behavioral Tasks Evaluating Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in Animal Models: A Recent Update.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects more than 21 million people worldwide. Both genetics and the environment play a role in its etiology and pathogenesis. Symptoms of schizophrenia are mainly categorized into positive, negative, and cognitive.

Melatonin alters neuronal architecture and increases cysteine-rich protein 1 signaling in the male mouse hippocampus.

Neuronal plasticity describes changes in structure, function, and connections of neurons. The hippocampus, in particular, has been shown to exhibit considerable plasticity regarding both physiological and morphological functions. Melatonin, a hormone released by the pineal gland, promotes cell survival and dendrite maturation of neurons in the newborn brain and protects against neurological disorders.

Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Novel Candidate Genes Related to Hippocampal Dysfunction in SREBP-1c Knockout Mice.

Lipid homeostasis is an important component of brain function, and its disturbance causes several neurological disorders, such as Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases as well as mood disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a key modulatory molecule involved in lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system. However, little is known about the biological effects of SREBP-1c in the brain.

Protective Effects of Water Extract on Trimethyltin-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Seizures in Mice.

Trimethyltin (TMT) is an organotin compound with potent neurotoxic action characterized by neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the protective effects of a water extract (SWE) against TMT intoxication in hippocampal neurons, using both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Specifically, we examined the actions of SWE on TMT- (5 mM) induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons (7 days in vitro) and the effects of SWE on hippocampal degeneration in adult TMT- (2.

Cicadidae Periostracum, the Cast-Off Skin of Cicada, Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in a Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) and the striatum. Nuclear receptor-related 1 protein (Nurr1) is a nuclear hormone receptor implicated in limiting mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation in the central nervous system and protecting dopaminergic neurons and a promising therapeutic target for PD. Cicadidae Periostracum (CP), the cast-off skin of Fabricius, has been used in traditional medicine for its many clinical pharmacological effects, including the treatment of psychological symptoms in PD.

Canine adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing sinusoidal neuroendocrine tumor associated with Cushing's disease.

An 18-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier was admitted with a history of neurological signs including dullness and progressive tetraparesis. Physical examination revealed bilaterally symmetrical alopecia and pot-bellied abdomen. Computed tomography and necropsy examination showed a mass across the frontal sinus and cerebral frontal lobe, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia, and hepatomegaly.

Deficiency of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c induces schizophrenia-like behavior in mice.

Schizophrenia is a hereditary disease that approximately 1% of the worldwide population develops. Many studies have investigated possible underlying genes related to schizophrenia. Recently, clinical studies suggested sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) as a susceptibility gene in patients with schizophrenia.