Acceptability and feasibility of a mobile behavioral economic health intervention to reduce alcohol use in adults in rural areas.

Background: At-risk alcohol use is associated with increased adverse health consequences, yet is undertreated in healthcare settings. People residing in rural areas need improved access to services; however, few interventions are designed to meet the needs of rural populations. Mobile interventions can provide feasible, low-cost, and scalable means for reaching this population and improving health, and behavioral economic approaches are promising.

Medical-surgical patients with untreated hazardous drinking: Randomized controlled trial of the DO-MoST intervention to improve health outcomes over 12-month follow-up.

Introduction: High prevalence and harmful consequences of hazardous drinking among medical-surgical patients underscore the importance of intervening with drinking to improve patients' health. This study evaluated a novel intervention, "Drinking Options - Motivate, Shared Decisions, Telemonitor" (DO-MoST).

Methods: In a randomized design, 155 medical-surgical patients with untreated hazardous drinking were assigned to enhanced usual care or DO-MoST, and followed 3, 6, and 12 months later.

Development and Pilot Testing of an Experimental Cannabis Marketplace: Toward Evaluating the Impact of Cannabis Policy on Consumer Choices.

The legal landscape of recreational cannabis production and consumption is rapidly expanding, driving a need to inform empirically supported cannabis regulatory policy. A behavioral economic framework integrating economic constructs (e.g.

Methamphetamine use among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States.

Background: Recent trends show methamphetamine use is increasing in the United States. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities face health disparities compared to the population overall, including some of the highest rates of illegal drug use. Herein, we examined the prevalence of methamphetamine use among AI/ANs and characteristics associated with methamphetamine use among AI/AN people.

Differences between cancer patients and others who use medicinal Cannabis.

Background: Cancer patients have been at the forefront of policy discussions leading to legalization of medical Cannabis (marijuana). Unfortunately, Cannabis use among those with cancer is poorly understood.

Methods: A diverse group of patients seeking certification for medical Cannabis in the state of Michigan were surveyed at the time of their presentation to medical dispensaries.

Progression of cannabis withdrawal symptoms in people using medical cannabis for chronic pain.

Background And Aims: Research from cohorts of individuals with recreational cannabis use indicates that cannabis withdrawal symptoms are reported by more than 40% of those using regularly. Withdrawal symptoms are not well understood in those who use cannabis for medical purposes. Therefore, we prospectively examined the stability of withdrawal symptoms in individuals using cannabis to manage chronic pain.

Efficacy of a Psychosocial Pain Management Intervention for Men and Women With Substance Use Disorders and Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic pain is common in those with substance use disorders (SUDs) and predicts poorer addiction treatment outcomes. A critical challenge for addiction treatment is to develop effective methods to improve pain-related and substance use-related outcomes for those in treatment for SUDs.

Objective: To examine the efficacy of an integrated behavioral pain management intervention (Improving Pain During Addiction Treatment [ImPAT]) for men and women with SUDs to treat pain, functioning, and substance use.

A physician-pharmacist collaborative care model to prevent opioid misuse.

Purpose: Clinical pharmacists in primary care clinics can potentially help manage chronic pain and opioid prescriptions by providing services similar to those provided within their scope of practice to patients with diabetes and hypertension. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a pharmacist-physician collaborative care model for patients with chronic pain.

Methods: The program consisted of an in-person pharmacist consultation and optional follow-up visits over 4 months in 2 primary care practices.

Changes in urban and rural cigarette smoking and cannabis use from 2007 to 2017 in adults in the United States.

Introduction: Rural-urban differences in cigarette and cannabis use have traditionally shown higher levels of cigarette smoking in rural areas and of cannabis use in urban areas. To assess for changes in this pattern of use, we examined trends and prevalence of cigarette, cannabis, and co-use across urban-rural localities.

Methods: Urban-rural trends in current cigarette and/or cannabis use was evaluated using 11 cohorts (2007-2017) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; N = 397,542).

The Role of Drugs in Alcohol Poisoning and Blackout Events: A Latent Class Analysis of a Residential Treatment Sample.

Background: Alcohol can lead to fatal and nonfatal overdose (OD) through its neurobiological inhibitory effects when used alone or with other drugs. Little research has examined alcohol OD characteristics in the context of concomitant drug use.

Methods: This study utilized alcohol OD data (defined as alcohol poisoning, passing out, or blacking out) collected in a large residential addiction treatment facility (N = 660).

Access to Primary Care Clinics for Patients With Chronic Pain Receiving Opioids.

Importance: Opioid-prescribing policies and guidelines aimed at reducing inappropriate opioid prescribing may lead physicians to stop prescribing opioids. Patients may thus encounter difficulties finding primary care practitioners willing to care for them if they take opioids.

Objectives: To assess practitioner willingness to accept and continue prescribing opioids to new patients with pain and whether this willingness differs across payer types.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Substance Use Disorders Among Adults in the U.S.

Introduction: Hearing loss is common and associated with poorer health and impeded communication. Little is known about the association between hearing loss and substance use disorders in the general population. The objective of this study was to assess substance use disorder prevalence among individuals with hearing loss, versus those without hearing loss, in a nationally representative sample of adults.

Randomized controlled trial of telephone monitoring with psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

Background Psychiatry inpatients frequently have co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders, which are related to poor post-discharge outcomes. Telephone monitoring is effective in specialty substance use disorder treatment settings in increasing continuing care and 12-step program utilization and improving substance use outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of telephone monitoring among psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders.

Use of non-pharmacological strategies for pain relief in addiction treatment patients with chronic pain.

Background And Objectives: We examined use of non-pharmacological treatments for pain in addiction treatment patients.

Methods: Patients in addiction treatment with chronic pain (N = 501) were classified based on use of non-pharmacological pain treatments. Demographic and clinical correlates were compared.

Comparing adults who use cannabis medically with those who use recreationally: Results from a national sample.

Objectives: Cannabis has been legalized for medical use in almost half of the states in the U.S. Although laws in these states make the distinction between medical and recreational use of cannabis, the prevalence of people using medical cannabis and how distinct this group is from individuals using cannabis recreationally is unknown at a national level.

A randomized trial of a pain management intervention for adults receiving substance use disorder treatment.

Background And Aims: Chronic pain is difficult to treat in individuals with substance use disorders and, when not resolved, can have a negative impact on substance use disorder treatment outcomes. This study tested the efficacy of a psychosocial pain management intervention, ImPAT (improving pain during addiction treatment), that combines pain management with content related to managing pain without substance use.

Design: Single-site, parallel-groups randomized controlled trial comparing ImPAT to a supportive psychoeducational control (SPC) condition; follow-up assessments occurred at 3, 6 and 12 months.

Pain acceptance and opiate use disorders in addiction treatment patients with comorbid pain.

Objectives: Studies from pain treatment settings indicate that poor acceptance of pain may be an important and modifiable risk factor for higher severity of opioid use. However, the degree to which pain acceptance relates to opioid use severity in the addiction treatment population is unknown. In this study of addiction treatment patients with co-morbid pain, we examined correlates of severity of opiate (heroin and prescription opioid) use, with a particular focus on the role of pain acceptance.

Evaluation of the current opioid misuse measure among substance use disorder treatment patients.

The Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) has demonstrated promising psychometric properties among pain clinic and primary care patients. Given the high prevalence of the nonmedical use of prescription opioids among substance use disorder patients, the COMM may also be useful in substance use disorder treatment settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the factor structure and validity of the COMM in a sample of substance use disorder patients.

Characteristics of substance use disorder treatment patients using medical cannabis for pain.

Background: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and correlates of self-reported medical cannabis use for pain in a substance use disorder (SUD) treatment program.

Method: Participants (n=433) aged 18 years and older were recruited from February 2012 to July 2014 at a large residential SUD treatment program. They completed a battery of questionnaires to assess demographics, usual pain level in the past three months (using the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale for pain), depression (using the Beck Depression Inventory), previous types of pain treatments, and lifetime and past-year use of substances (using the Addiction Severity Index).

Athletic activity and hormone concentrations in high school female athletes.

Context: Physical activity may affect the concentrations of circulating endogenous hormones in female athletes. Understanding the relationship between athletic and physical activity and circulating female hormone concentrations is critical.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that (1) the estradiol-progesterone profile of high school adolescent girls participating in training, conditioning, and competition would differ from that of physically inactive, age-matched adolescent girls throughout a 3-month period; and (2) athletic training and conditioning would alter body composition (muscle, bone), leading to an increasingly greater lean-body-mass to fat-body-mass ratio with accompanying hormonal changes.