Examination of cord blood at birth in women with SARS-CoV-2 exposure and/or vaccination during pregnancy and relationship to fetal complete blood count, cortisol, ferritin, vitamin D, and CRP.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 is known to manifest a robust innate immune response. However, little is known about inflammatory influences from maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection or maternal mRNA vaccination upon the fetus. In addition, it is unknown if Vitamin D deficiency influences fetal homeostasis or if an anti-inflammatory mechanism to the development of possible innate cytokines or acute phase reactants by the maternal/fetal dyad, in the form of cortisol elevations, occur.

Spacer microbial contamination and asthma outcomes: case series.

Objective: The primary method of drug delivery to treat asthma is through pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI). Asthma guidelines recommend that providers prescribe a spacer for all patients using pMDI. The objective of this study was to examine whether microbial contamination of spacer devices is associated with poor asthma outcomes.

Factors and cost associated with atopic dermatitis in Nevada.

: Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, is an inflammatory illness that impacts individuals of all ages. The cost of treating AD and the impact on the quality of life have not been well documented in the state of Nevada. This study seeks to fill this gap by identifying factors that impact the cost of AD in the state utilizing clinical and patient demographics.

Eosinophilic esophagitis: comorbidities and atopic disease in Nevada.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare, immune-mediated illness. We aimed to examine the comorbidities and sensitization patterns associated with an EoE diagnosis in Nevada. The study goal was two-fold: to determine the most common EoE comorbidities and sequela in the state of Nevada using healthcare utilization records across all settings and to determine the most common food and aeroallergens in histologically positive EoE pediatric patients using clinical sensitization data.

Cost of chronic inflammatory disease: The impact of eosinophilic esophagitis in Nevada.

Objectives: The cost of treating the rare eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) disease and its impact on patients' quality of life have not been well documented in the literature. This study seeks to fill this gap by comparing the cost of EoE with other well-known inflammatory diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD) and celiac disease (CeD).

Methods: A Mann-Whitney U test and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the cost of EoE in the state of Nevada across all hospital settings and its impact on quality of life compared with CD and CeD.

A description of eosinophilic esophagitis in the Southwestern state of Nevada.

Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare immune-mediated esophageal disorder that has been documented worldwide. Prior to this study, eosinophilic esophagitis had not been described in the Southwestern state of Nevada. Records containing positive eosinophilic esophagitis diagnosis codes were extracted from a large hospital utilization database and yielded over 2,000 records over 5 years (2013-2017).

Quality Care for People with Intellectual Disability and Advanced Dementia: Guidance on Service Provision.

Unlabelled: Purpose of Report: The International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia (Glasgow, Scotland; October 2016) noted that advanced dementia can be categorized as that stage of dementia progression characterized by significant losses in cognitive and physical function, including a high probability of further deterioration and leading to death. The questions before the summit were whether there were similarities and differences in expressions of advanced dementia between adults with intellectual disability (ID) and adults in the general population.

Findings: The summit noted challenges in the staging of advanced dementia in people with ID with the criteria in measures designed to stage dementia in the general population heavily weighted on notable impairment in activities of daily living.

Diazotroph Population Dynamics Under Different Resource Ratios in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.

Major advances in understanding the diversity, distribution, and activity of marine N-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) have been made in the past decades, however, large gaps in knowledge remain about the environmental controls on growth and mortality rates. In order to measure diazotroph net growth rates and microzooplankton grazing rates on diazotrophs, nutrient perturbation experiments and dilution grazing experiments were conducted using free-floating incubation arrays in the vicinity of Station ALOHA in March 2016. Net growth rates for targeted diazotroph taxa as well as and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes were determined under high (H) and low (L) nitrate:phosphate (NP) ratio conditions at four depths in the photic zone (25, 45, 75, and 100 m) using quantitative PCR and flow cytometry.

Perspectives on family caregiving of people aging with intellectual disability affected by dementia: Commentary from the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia.

This article, an output of the 2016 International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia, examines familial caregiving situations within the context of a support-staging model for adults with intellectual disability (ID) affected by dementia. Seven narratives offer context to this support-staging model to interpret situations experienced by caregivers. The multidimensional model has two fundamental aspects: identifying the role and nature of caregiving as either primary (direct) or secondary (supportive); and defining how caregiving is influenced by stage of dementia.

Consensus statement of the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia on valuing the perspectives of persons with intellectual disability.

The International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia covered a range of issues related to dementia and intellectual disability, including the dearth of personal reflections of persons with intellectual disability affected by dementia. This article reflects on this deficiency and explores some of the personal perspectives gleaned from the literature, from the Summit attendees and from the experiences of persons with intellectual disability recorded or scribed in advance of the two-day Summit meeting. Systemic recommendations included reinforcing the value of the involvement of persons with intellectual disability in (a) research alongside removing barriers to inclusion posed by institutional/ethics review boards, (b) planning groups that establish supports for dementia and (c) peer support.

NaF rinse and dentifrice concentrations on enamel lesion demineralization.

Purpose: To compare the in vitro effectiveness of two mouthrinses containing different concentrations of NaF to reduce enamel lesion demineralization.

Methods: Nine extracted caries-free molars were selected and cleaned. The teeth were painted with acid resistant varnish, leaving a 1 mm × 4 mm window exposed.

Bullous Skin Manifestations of Infection: A Case Series.

Bullous skin lesions are uncommon in children. While it is well known that infections are associated with papular skin manifestations, bullous skin lesions are not commonly reported. is a very common bacterial pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in children and adults.

Developing pictorial asthma action plans to promote self-management and health in rural youth with asthma: A qualitative study.

Objective: Asthma action plans (AAPs) provide asthma management instructions to families; however, AAPs typically are written at a 7th-9th grade reading level, making them less useful in lower literacy families. There is a need to develop simpler AAP formats and content to optimize their utility across all families, including those who are rural and may be at a risk for literacy concerns. Because using pictures can simplify and enhance health education, our study's aim was to develop a pictorial AAP through a series of focus groups with key stakeholders - youth with asthma, caregivers, and physicians.

Consensus statement of the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia related to end-of-life care in advanced dementia.

Background: Adults with intellectual disability are affected by dementia at equivalent and elevated rates, many surviving into advanced age. End of life care and support considerations come into play among these individuals when most are in the advanced stage of dementia.

Methods: A preliminary report summarizing available literature and making initial recommendations was developed by a workgroup, reviewed by all conference participants and then was finalized by the workgroup.

Microbial rRNA sequencing analysis of evaporative cooler indoor environments located in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States.

Recent studies conducted in the Great Basin Desert region of the United States have shown that skin test reactivity to fungal and dust mite allergens are increased in children with asthma or allergy living in homes with evaporative coolers (EC). The objective of this study was to determine if the increased humidity previously reported in EC homes leads to varying microbial populations compared to homes with air conditioners (AC). Children with physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis living in EC or AC environments were recruited into the study.

Asthma, allergy, and obesity: Examining the relationship among Nevada children.

Objective: The majority of pediatric asthma is atopic, but whether pediatric obese asthma is atopic is indeterminate in the literature. In Nevada, children become sensitized to aeroallergens, a risk factor for asthma, at young ages. Additionally, Nevada children have high rates of obesity.

Parental perception of efficacy of antihistamines for pruritus in pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Background: Clinicians have previously prescribed antihistamines for relief of atopic dermatitis (AD) associated pruritus. The use of antihistamines in AD has recently received less emphasis from newly published practice parameters that currently only recommend short-term, intermittent use of first-generation antihistamines to induce sleep in patients with AD.

Objective: Our study aimed to determine parents' perception of the usefulness of antihistamines in reducing their child's itch due to AD.