The performance of ChatGPT versus neurosurgery residents in neurosurgical board examination-like questions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Large language models and ChatGPT have been used in different fields of medical education. This study aimed to review the literature on the performance of ChatGPT in neurosurgery board examination-like questions compared to neurosurgery residents.

Methods: A literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines, covering the time period of ChatGPT's inception (November 2022) until October 25, 2024.

Neurosurgery in the elderly: Findings from a cohort in the Philippines.

Background: Better living conditions and health care advancements have improved life expectancy worldwide, increasing the number of older patients who require neurosurgery. We would like to report our experience with geriatric neurosurgical patients at our institution.

Methods: This is a retrospective study on geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65 years) who underwent neurosurgery at our center between 2015 and 2022.

Development of an Online Nursing Leadership Program for Global Health in the Western Pacific Region.

Background And Objective: Global health highlights the transnational determinants, issues, and possible solutions for improving health outcomes. Addressing global health issues requires population-based approaches coupled with individualized healthcare across settings, including strategies for achieving health equity. Designing and implementing global health solutions requires competent nurse leaders who can facilitate multi-disciplinary collaborations, engage in policy development, and lead advocacies that support the global health agenda.

"Lusog-Linang": Utilizing Community-engaged Research towards Capacity Building in Health of an Underserved Community.

Background And Objectives: Nurses have a pivotal role in nurturing the capabilities of individuals, families, and population groups for better health. However, underserved communities in the Philippines, such as those with socioeconomic inadequacies, geographic isolation, and service access problems, have significant limitations in attaining the highest possible level of health. Hence, a community extension service (Project "Lusog-Linang"), employing community-engaged research, was launched with the residents of an underserved locality in Central Luzon.

Towards Health Promoting Schools: Pilot Training and Evaluation of the Updated Urbani School Health Kit (USHK) among School Teachers in Manila.

Background And Objective: Committed to enhancing healthy living, learning, and working conditions, a health-promoting school is a potent influencer of behaviors and habits, reaching families and communities effectively. In the Western Pacific region, the Urbani School Health Kit (USHK) is one of the tools developed to integrate health promotion in schools; however, it needs to be updated to adapt to the evolving health challenges of lifestyle-related diseases. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a pilot training and evaluation of the updated USHK among school teachers in Manila.

External ventricular drain migration into the cisterna magna: A case report.

Background: External ventricular drain (EVD) insertion is a common neurosurgical procedure used to treat acute hydrocephalus. In this report, we present a rare case of an EVD that was initially correctly placed within the frontal horn but subsequently migrated to the cisterna magna, the first to be reported in the literature.

Case Description: A 46-year-old man with postoperative meningitis and hydrocephalus underwent EVD insertion using an improvised EVD system.

Adult idiopathic bilateral occlusion of foramen of Monro: Systematic review with illustrative case.

Background: Adult idiopathic occlusion of foramen of Monro (AIOFM) is a rare condition that results in hydrocephalus, and bilateral presentation is even rarer. Here we report a case of idiopathic bilateral stenosis of the foramen of Monro in an adult patient and performed a systematic literature review on the current treatment options and outcomes.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of SCOPUS, Science Direct, and PubMed databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Pituitary Adenoma in the Philippines: A Scoping Review on the Treatment Gaps, Challenges, and Current State of Care.

Background: Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors that impose a heavy burden on patients worldwide. The local burden of disease is yet to be established due to scarcity of data. In line with this, this study aims to present the challenges and gaps in the treatment of pituitary adenomas in the Philippines.

Clozapine-induced eosinophilia: A case report.

Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric illness defined by the appearance of positive, and negative symptoms and/or cognitive impairment. Antipsychotic drugs are predominantly used in the treatment of psychotic disorders, but not all patients with schizophrenia respond to every antipsychotic medication. Clozapine is one of the best atypical antipsychotics and is highly effective in treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Delirium with Concurrent Use of Lithium and ECT and the Safety Implications: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.

Using electroconvulsive treatment and lithium together to treat acute manic episodes is common, but the effects of combining these therapies vary according to the literature. Some studies have found severe adverse side effects, while others have found the combination of both medications safe and helpful. To investigate potential adverse side effects, this study reports on two cases where bipolar affective disorder patients developed delirium after receiving electroconvulsive therapy and lithium concurrently.

A Comparative Study on Health Risks, Lifestyle Behaviors, Health Perceptions, and Health Seeking Patterns between Older and Younger Filipinos in the Rural Areas.

Background: Worldwide trends in health risks, lifestyle behaviors, health perceptions, and health-seeking patterns suggest alarming disparities among individuals from low- and middle-income countries. Such international comparisons are particularly troubling for older individuals (≥ 60 years).

Objectives: This study aims to compare health risks, lifestyle behaviors, health perceptions, and health-seeking patterns between younger (<60) and older (≥60) Filipinos from rural communities in the Philippines.

Calvarial metastasis from malignant pheochromocytoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia.

Background: Malignant pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that may metastasize to the bones, liver, lungs, kidneys, and lymph nodes. Cerebral and skull metastases are even rarer, with only 17 cases reported in the literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a purely calvarial metastasis from malignant pheochromocytoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A).

PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND DISTRESS AMONG FILIPINOS FROM LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

Introduction: More than one billion people worldwide are affected by mental health disorders, making up 16% of the world's population. However, psychological morbidity has been understudied and disparately estimated among Filipinos living in low-income communities in the Philippines.

Purpose: The specific aims of this descriptive, cross-sectional study were to 1) describe depression, anxiety, distress, and quality of life in a large sample of Filipinos from low-income communities in the Philippines; and 2) determine the prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and distress in this sample.

Risk perception, worry, and test acceptance in average-risk women who undergo ovarian cancer screening.

Objective: We evaluated baseline knowledge of ovarian cancer risk and perceptions toward ovarian cancer screening (OCS) by initiating the normal risk ovarian screening study.

Study Design: Average-risk, postmenopausal women were enrolled between 2001 and 2011 as they entered the normal risk ovarian screening study. Participants completed baseline surveys of risk perception, cancer worry (Cancer Worry Scale), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), health and well-being survey (SF-36 HEALTH SURVEY), and acceptability of OCS.

A 2-stage ovarian cancer screening strategy using the Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm (ROCA) identifies early-stage incident cancers and demonstrates high positive predictive value.

Background: A 2-stage ovarian cancer screening strategy was evaluated that incorporates change of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels over time and age to estimate risk of ovarian cancer. Women with high-risk scores were referred for transvaginal ultrasound (TVS).

Methods: A single-arm, prospective study of postmenopausal women was conducted.

Prevention and early detection of ovarian cancer: mission impossible?

Epithelial ovarian cancer is neither a common nor a rare disease. In the United States, the prevalence of ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women (1 in 2,500) significantly affects strategies for prevention and detection. If chemoprevention for ovarian cancer were provided to all women over the age of 50, side effects would have to be minimal in order to achieve an acceptable ratio of benefit to risk.

Linear dimensions of the upper airway structure during development: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging.

The upper airway undergoes progressive changes during childhood. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we studied the growth relationships of the tissues surrounding the upper airway (bone and soft tissues) in 92 normal children (47% males; range, 1 to 11 yr) who underwent brain MRI. None had symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing or conditions that impacted on their upper airway.