Community-based participatory research to guide adoption of culturally responsive trauma-informed HIV care throughout Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: Psychological trauma is a highly prevalent driver of poor health among people with HIV (PWH) in the Southern United States (U.S.).

Leveraging Expertise from Community Resources to Improve the Role of the Pharmacist in HIV Testing and Counseling.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic continues to be a major global public health issue. Moreover, disparities continue to persist in HIV among racial and ethnic minority populations, with the highest rates of new diagnoses in Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men in the United States. Pharmacists are one of the most accessible and trusted health care professionals.

Assessing the Prevalence and Determinants of Exposure-Influenced HIV Testing among a Sample of Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis-Naïve Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.

Self-initiated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing after potential sexual exposure to HIV (i.e., exposure-influenced HIV testing) has high utility in detecting individuals with the highest probabilities of HIV seroconversion.

Pilot Testing of a Patient Decision Aid for Adolescents with Severe Obesity in US Pediatric Weight Management Programs within the COMPASS Network.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a best practice for delivering high-quality, patient-centered care when there are multiple options from which to choose. A patient decision aid (PDA) to promote SDM for the treatment of adolescent severe obesity was piloted among 12-17-year-olds ( = 31) from six pediatric weight management programs within the Childhood Obesity Multi Program Analysis and Study System (COMPASS). Medical providers used a brochure that described indications, risks, and benefits of intensive lifestyle management alone versus bariatric surgery plus lifestyle.

A retrospective review of patient outcomes in the pediatric HEROES weight management program.

Pediatric obesity is a public health concern in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of a pediatric stage 3 and 4 weight management program.

Expectations for Treatment in Pediatric Weight Management and Relationship to Attrition.

Background: Attrition in pediatric weight management negatively impacts treatment outcomes. A potentially modifiable contributor to attrition is unmet family expectations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between adolescent and parent/guardian treatment expectations and attrition.

Evolutionary and Functional Diversification of the Vitamin D Receptor-Lithocholic Acid Partnership.

The evolution, molecular behavior, and physiological function of nuclear receptors are of particular interest given their diverse roles in regulating essential biological processes. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is well known for its canonical roles in calcium homeostasis and skeletal maintenance. Additionally, VDR has received an increased amount of attention due to the discovery of numerous non-calcemic functions, including the detoxification of lithocholic acid.

Steroid Receptors Reprogram FoxA1 Occupancy through Dynamic Chromatin Transitions.

The estrogen receptor (ER), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxA1) are significant factors in breast cancer progression. FoxA1 has been implicated in establishing ER-binding patterns though its unique ability to serve as a pioneer factor. However, the molecular interplay between ER, GR, and FoxA1 requires further investigation.

Molecular cloning, functional characterization, and evolutionary analysis of vitamin D receptors isolated from basal vertebrates.

The vertebrate genome is a result of two rapid and successive rounds of whole genome duplication, referred to as 1R and 2R. Furthermore, teleost fish have undergone a third whole genome duplication (3R) specific to their lineage, resulting in the retention of multiple gene paralogs. The more recent 3R event in teleosts provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into how genes evolve through specific evolutionary processes.

Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and long-range interactions in response to glucocorticoid pulsing.

Although physiological steroid levels are often pulsatile (ultradian), the genomic effects of this pulsatility are poorly understood. By utilizing glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling as a model system, we uncovered striking spatiotemporal relationships between receptor loading, lifetimes of the DNase I hypersensitivity sites (DHSs), long-range interactions, and gene regulation. We found that hormone-induced DHSs were enriched within ± 50 kb of GR-responsive genes and displayed a broad spectrum of lifetimes upon hormone withdrawal.

Functional diversification of vitamin D receptor paralogs in teleost fish after a whole genome duplication event.

The diversity and success of teleost fishes (Actinopterygii) has been attributed to three successive rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD). WGDs provide a source of raw genetic material for evolutionary forces to act upon, resulting in the divergence of genes with altered or novel functions. The retention of multiple gene pairs (paralogs) in teleosts provides a unique opportunity to study how genes diversify and evolve after a WGD.

Factors associated with transfers from healthcare facilities among readmitted older adults with chronic illness.

Objective: Because chronic illness accounts for a considerable proportion of Australian healthcare expenditure, there is a need to identify factors that may reduce hospital readmissions for patients with chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to examine a range of factors potentially associated with transfer from healthcare facilities among older adults readmitted to hospital within a large public health service in Melbourne, Australia.

Methods: Data on readmitted patients between June 2006 and June 2011 were extracted from hospital databases and medical records.

Use of a Pteridine Moiety to Track DNA Uptake in Cells.

Fluorescence labeled oligonucleotides have a long history of being used to monitor nucleic acid transport and uptake. However, it is not known if the fluorescent moiety itself physically limits the number of pathways that can be used by the cell due to steric, hydrophobic, or other chemical characteristics. Here, we report a method for comparing the uptake kinetics of oligonucleotides labeled either with the fluorescent pteridine, 3-methyl-8-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl) isoxanthopterin (3MI), or the common fluorophore 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM).

Bridging the gap from screening assays to estrogenic effects in fish: potential roles of multiple estrogen receptor subtypes.

This study seeks to delineate the ligand interactions that drive biomarker induction in fish exposed to estrogenic pollutants and provide a case study on the capacity of human (h) estrogen receptor (ER)-based in vitro screening assays to predict estrogenic effects in aquatic species. Adult male Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to solutions of singular steroidal estrogens or to the estrogenic extract of an anaerobic swine waste lagoon. All exposure concentrations were calibrated to be equipotent based on the yeast estrogen screen (YES), which reports activation of hERα.

Referrals to hospital emergency departments from residential aged care facilities: stuck in a time warp.

This research aimed to describe the number and type of residents admitted to emergency departments (EDs) over 2 years; and to explore nurses' perceptions of the reasons why residential aged care facility (RACF) residents are referred to EDs. The research objective was addressed in a retrospective exploratory study using data on admissions to EDs from RACFs (N = 3,094) at the participating organisation over a 2-year period, and interview data on seven RACF and four ED nurses' perceptions of the issues involved. Most residents presenting at EDs required urgent medical attention.

Reprogramming the chromatin landscape: interplay of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors at the genomic level.

Cross-talk between estrogen receptors (ER) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of breast cancer. Importantly, the ER and GR status in breast cancer cells is a significant factor in determining the outcome of the disease. However, mechanistic details defining the cellular interactions between ER and GR are poorly understood.

Construct validity and reliability of the Single Checking Administration of Medications Scale.

Research indicates that single checking of medications is as safe as double checking; however, many nurses are averse to independently checking medications. To assist with the introduction and use of single checking, a measure of nurses' attitudes, the thirteen-item Single Checking Administration of Medications Scale (SCAMS) was developed. We examined the psychometric properties of the SCAMS.

Construct validity and reliability of the Handover Evaluation Scale.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the psychometric properties of the Handover Evaluation Scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Background: Handover is a fundamental component of clinical practice and is essential to ensure safe patient care. Research indicates a number of problems with this process, with high variability in the type of information provided.

Parent perspectives on attrition from tertiary care pediatric weight management programs.

Objective: To describe parent/caregiver reasons for attrition from tertiary care weight management clinics/programs.

Study Design: A telephone survey was administered to 147 parents from weight management clinics/programs in the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions' (now Children's Hospital Association's) FOCUS on a Fitter Future II collaborative.

Results: Scheduling, barriers to recommendation implementation, and transportation issues were endorsed by more than half of parents as having a moderate to high influence on their decision not to return.

The longitudinal prediction of alcohol consumption-related harms among young adults.

This study explores the longitudinal pathways by which risk and protective factors influence the development of alcohol-related harms in a representative community sample of 941 young adults (19-20 years) from Victoria, Australia, focusing on the role of concurrent risky drinking. Impulsivity at 15-16 years, alcohol-related harms at 15-16 years and 17-18 years, frequency of intoxication at 17-18 years, and antisocial behavior, friends' drinking and living arrangements at 19-20 years were directly related to alcohol-related harms, as well as indirectly related to harms through increased risky drinking. Paternal drinking at 17-18 years was directly related to alcohol-related harms.

Carers' perspectives of respite care in Australia: an evaluative study.

Caring for someone with dementia is burdensome and challenging. In Australia, respite services help carers to cope with these demands. In this descriptive study, 62 carers of people with dementia provided information on their use of respite care, its effectiveness and their satisfaction with services provided during the preceding 12 months.

The relationship between positive development and psychopathology during the transition to adulthood: a person-centred approach.

The transition to adulthood is characterised by potential for both positive development and problem outcomes such as psychopathology, yet little is known about relationships between the two. Given the diversity of pathways observed during this transition period, there is likely to be significant heterogeneity in young people's experiences of these outcomes. Drawing on data from 1158 19-20 year olds in the Australian Temperament Project and using latent profile analysis, we identified six subgroups.

Sexual phenotype differences in zic2 mRNA abundance in the preoptic area of a protogynous teleost, Thalassoma bifasciatum.

The highly conserved members of the zic family of zinc-finger transcription factors are primarily known for their roles in embryonic signaling pathways and regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. This study describes sexual phenotype differences in abundances of zic2 mRNA in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, a region strongly implicated in sexual behavior and function, in an adult teleost, Thalassoma bifasciatum. The bluehead wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) is a valuable model for studying neuroendocrine processes because it displays two discrete male phenotypes, initial phase (IP) males and territorial, terminal phase (TP) males, and undergoes socially-controlled protogynous sex change.

A suite of evidence-based continence assessment tools for residential aged care.

The management of incontinence in residential aged care facilities presents staff with considerable challenges. In order to support the residential aged care workforce to provide evidence-based continence care, we developed a suite of evidence-based continence assessment tools and an accompanying educational resource for use in the residential aged care sector. The tools comply with international and accreditation standards.