Tailored approach to participant recruitment and retention to maximize health equity in pediatric cancer research.

Background: Lack of diversity in participants throughout the research process limits the generalizability of findings and may contribute to health disparities. There are unique challenges to recruitment of families to pediatric cancer research studies, especially for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Thus, there is a need to evaluate the most effective recruitment and retention strategies to optimize equitable recruitment of diverse participants.

Encouraging Firework Safety Through Public Service Announcements.

A dramatic increase in firework-related blast injuries to the hand and upper extremity resulted in record-setting numbers at our institution over the July 4, 2018, holiday. This led our hand and upper extremity department to create a public service announcement (PSA) campaign regarding firework safety and injury prevention. This PSA was broadcast in advance of the next July 4 holiday via several media platforms including television, radio, and the internet.

Incorporating Yoga into a Pediatric Weight Management Program: A Pilot Study.

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of yoga incorporated into a pediatric weight management program (promoting health in teens; PHIT Yoga) to racially diverse caregivers and youth and to compare this program with a cohort that received a program that did not include yoga (PHIT Kids). Thirty children with obesity were enrolled in a 12-week pediatric weight management intervention (PHIT Kids,  = 17; PHIT Yoga,  = 13). Weight, BMI z-score (BMIz), BMI percent of the 95th percentile, and health habits assessment were obtained from both cohorts pre- and post intervention.

Developing an Outpatient Pediatric Pre-Procedure COVID-19 Testing Model.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to design, develop, implement, and manage a sustainable process for pediatric preoperative COVD-19 testing and use the test results to determine the level of personal protective equipment and infection control required for each patient for optimal surgical scheduling and preservation of resources.

Design: This quality improvement project used the Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology. Multiple cycles of re-evaluation refined this process which was standardized across the enterprise.

Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith-Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of tasimelteon to improve sleep in Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS).

Methods: A 9-week, double-blind, randomized, two-period crossover study was conducted at four US clinical centers. Genetically confirmed patients with SMS, aged 3 to 39, with sleep complaints participated in the study.

Pain Relief During Childbirth in the Context of 50 Years of Social and Technological Change.

Pain relief during childbirth continues to stimulate controversy as new treatments emerge and continuing interventions in the birth process invoke concerns about safety, technologic imperatives, and informed consent. In this historical commentary, I identify a complex dissonance between scientific advances and women's needs and expectations regarding childbirth. Evidence-based practice became the standard during the last 50 years and has reinforced a more conservative and parsimonious use of technology to respond to women's needs for pain relief.

Tradipitant in the Treatment of Motion Sickness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

Novel therapies are needed for the treatment of motion sickness given the inadequate relief and bothersome and dangerous adverse effects of currently approved therapies. Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists have the potential to be effective in improving the symptoms of motion sickness, given the involvement of Substance P in nauseogenic and emetic pathways and the expression of NK1 receptors in the gastrointestinal system. Here we evaluated the efficacy of tradipitant, a novel NK1 receptor antagonist, in preventing motion sickness in variable sea conditions.

An Early History of Anesthesia in Labor.

Fear of pain often overshadows childbirth, and each woman must decide whether to receive anesthesia to combat labor pain. Historically, this choice resulted in unintended consequences and marked the beginnings of medical interventions in labor and birth. The purpose of this article is to trace the use of anesthesia in childbirth from the mid-19th to the mid-20th centuries and to explore its influence on childbearing women and nurses.

Thoracic epidural analgesia to control malignant pain until viability in a pregnant patient.

Management of nonobstetric pain in the pregnant patient presents unique challenges related to transplacental fetal exposure to opioids and the subsequent risk of neonatal withdrawal syndrome. We present the case of a pregnant patient suffering from the pain of a progressively enlarging thoracoabdominal sarcoma. Epidural analgesia (using local anesthetics with minimal opioid) was utilized over a span of weeks to manage oncologic pain, limiting fetal opioid exposure and culminating in the birth of a healthy infant.

Active Duty Women's Perceptions of Breast-Feeding Support in the Military Setting.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current perceptions of breast-feeding support for active duty women serving in the U.S. Armed Forces.

Do Transsacral-transiliac Screws Across Uninjured Sacroiliac Joints Affect Pain and Functional Outcomes in Trauma Patients?

Background: Patients with pelvic ring displacement and instability can benefit from surgical reduction and instrumentation to stabilize the pelvis and improve functional outcomes. Current treatments include iliosacral screw or transsacral-transiliac screw, which provides greater biomechanical stability. However, controversy exists regarding the effects of placement of a screw across an uninjured sacroiliac joint for pelvis stabilization after trauma.

Forensic psychiatry and the birth of the criminal insane asylum in modern Italy.

This paper focuses on the creation of the criminal insane asylum in Italy between unification in 1861 and World War I. The establishment of criminal insane asylums was a triumph of the positivist criminology of Cesare Lombroso, who advocated for an institution to intern insane criminals in his classic work, Criminal Man (1876). As a context for the analysis of the birth of the criminal insane asylum in Italy, this essay also outlines the history of the insanity plea in Italian criminal law and the young discipline of psychiatry during the fifty years after Italian unification.

Surgical cancellations: a review of elective surgery cancellations in a tertiary care pediatric institution.

The purpose of this two-phase quality improvement audit was to analyze elective surgery cancellations in a tertiary pediatric care institution and identify and recommend nursing practice changes in the preoperative assessment clinic (POAC) to potentially influence the overall cancellation rate. A prospective review of cancellation data was conducted over a 6-month period in 2008 and again in 2010. In both phases of the audit, illness was the leading cause for surgical cancellation between the preoperative assessment and the day of surgery, with otolaryngology service representing the highest number of cancellations.

The "white plague" and color: children, race, and tuberculosis in Virginia 1900-1935.

Drawing on a wealth of primary documents, this historical research describes nurses' efforts regarding early 20th century pediatric tuberculosis care in Virginia. Virginia nurses played a leadership role in designing a template for children's care. Ultimately, however, their legacy is a mixed one.

Lessons from public long-term care insurance in Germany and Japan.

The U.S. Congress is considering the Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act, a voluntary insurance program that would help pay for long-term services and supports to disabled Americans.

Valuing the invaluable: a new look at the economic value of family caregiving.

The contributions of America's family caregivers, along with many friends and neighbors, often go unrecognized in public policy discussions about the financing and costs of health care and long-term services and supports (LTSS). Yet these unpaid caregivers provide by far the majority of long-term services and supports received by persons with disabilities of all ages. Many of these "informal" caregivers also provide health-related services.

Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effects of low-dose prolonged methylprednisolone infusion on lung function in patients with early severe ARDS.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: ICUs of five hospitals in Memphis.