Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Climate, and Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Scoping Review.

Environmental pollutants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), air pollution, and climate change, are increasingly recognized for their potential impact on pregnancy outcomes. EDCs, found in pesticides, industrial chemicals, and personal care products, are associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, primarily through hormonal interference. Air pollution, notably PM, NO, and O, has been linked to increased rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth.

Self-adjusted Nitrous Oxide During Urodynamic Studies Reduces Patient Pain Without Compromising Study Quality: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Objective: A urodynamic study (UDS) is a routine clinic procedure that can cause significant discomfort for certain patients, with no satisfactory analgesic alternatives currently available. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose self-adjusted nitrous oxide (SANO), titrated to the patient's desired effect, on standard metrics for bladder function and on patient-reported pain and anxiety.

Methods: We conducted a single-institution, double-blind, randomized crossover trial in adults undergoing UDS.

Small-Molecule Inhibitors of IgA1 Protease.

Newly identified, nontypable () strains represent a serious threat to global health. Due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, virulence factors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets that would be less likely to promote resistance. IgA1 proteases are secreted virulence factors of many Gram-negative human pathogens.

Changes in IgA Protease Expression Are Conferred by Changes in Genomes during Persistent Infection by Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Nontypeable (NTHi) is an exclusively human pathobiont that plays a critical role in the course and pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NTHi causes acute exacerbations of COPD and also causes persistent infection of the lower airways. NTHi expresses four IgA protease variants (A1, A2, B1, and B2) that play different roles in virulence.

genome evolution during persistence in the human airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Nontypeable (NTHi) exclusively colonize and infect humans and are critical to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In vitro and animal models do not accurately capture the complex environments encountered by NTHi during human infection. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of 269 longitudinally collected cleared and persistent NTHi from a 15-y prospective study of adults with COPD.

Immunoglobulin A Protease Variants Facilitate Intracellular Survival in Epithelial Cells By Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae That Persist in the Human Respiratory Tract in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) persists in the airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NTHi expresses 4 immunoglobulin (Ig)A protease variants (A1, A2, B1, B2) with distinct cleavage specificities for human IgA1. Little is known about the different roles of IgA protease variants in NTHi infection.

Insights on persistent airway infection by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is the most common bacterial cause of infection of the lower airways in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Infection of the COPD airways causes acute exacerbations, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. NTHi has evolved multiple mechanisms to establish infection in the hostile environment of the COPD airways, allowing the pathogen to persist in the airways for months to years.

Effects of 2 different anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents in a primate model of subcutaneous abscess formation.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha exerts both physiologic and pathologic effects in response to infection, conferring the benefit of host defense against infection at the risk of eliciting severe pathology if the response is excessive or inappropriate. In the present study, the effects of an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a TNF-alpha receptor construct (p75-Fc) were compared with that of saline in a primate model of subcutaneous abscess induced with Staphylococcus aureus. Intravenous administration of anti-TNF-alpha MAb delayed the onset and reduced the incidence and the severity of abscess formation in response to inoculation with S.