National pilot of entrustable professional activities in pathology residency training.

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable clinical skills and/or procedures that have been introduced into medical education at the student and resident levels in most specialties to determine readiness to advance into residency or independent practice, respectively. This publication describes the process and outcomes of a pilot study looking at the feasibility of using two anatomic pathology and two clinical pathology EPAs in pathology residency in 6 pathology residency programs that volunteered for the study. Faculty development on EPAs and their assessment was provided to pilot program faculty, and EPA assessment tools were developed and used by the pilot programs.

Enhancing the Pipeline of Pathologists in the United States.

The shortage of pathologists in the United States has been a topic of discussion for the past 2 decades. At the 2014 Association of Pathology Chairs (APC)/Program Directors Section (PRODS) meeting, a Pipeline Subcommittee (PSC) of the APC Advocacy Committee was formed with the charge of investigating ways to increase the number of highly qualified United States Medical Graduates entering into pathology. Several online surveys were developed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to recruitment into pathology.

Identifying the Challenges of "Small" Pathology Residency Programs and Creating Collaborative Solutions.

The majority of pathology residency training programs in the United States are considered to be small training programs. Small training programs, regardless of specialty, encounter unique challenges that have been documented in the literature. With the implementation of the Next Accreditation System (NAS), and other Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Common Program Requirements, adequate personnel and other resources are necessary.

Conditionally reprogrammed normal and transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells display a progenitor-cell-like phenotype.

Mammary epithelial (ME) cells cultured under conventional conditions senesce after several passages. Here, we demonstrate that mouse ME cells isolated from normal mammary glands or from mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu-induced mammary tumors, can be cultured indefinitely as conditionally reprogrammed cells (CRCs) on irradiated fibroblasts in the presence of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Cell surface progenitor-associated markers are rapidly induced in normal mouse ME-CRCs relative to ME cells.

Role of the nuclear receptor coactivator AIB1/SRC-3 in angiogenesis and wound healing.

The nuclear receptor coactivator amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1/SRC-3) has a well-defined role in steroid and growth factor signaling in cancer and normal epithelial cells. Less is known about its function in stromal cells, although AIB1/SRC-3 is up-regulated in tumor stroma and may, thus, contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Herein, we show that AIB1/SRC-3 depletion from cultured endothelial cells reduces their proliferation and motility in response to growth factors and prevents the formation of intact monolayers with tight junctions and of endothelial tubes.

Goal-directed visuomotor skill learning: off-line enhancement and the importance of the primary motor cortex.

Purpose: The time course and neural substrates of motor skill learning are not well-understood in healthy or neurologic patient populations. Certain motor skills undergo off-line skill enhancement following training and the primary motor cortex (M1) may be involved. It is unknown if goal-directed visuomotor skill undergoes off-line enhancement or if M1 is associated with that enhancement.

Nuclear beta-catenin expression distinguishes deep fibromatosis from other benign and malignant fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions.

Deep fibromatoses (desmoid tumors) are clonal myofibroblastic proliferations that are prone to aggressive local recurrences but that do not metastasize. They must be distinguished from a host of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic lesions as well as from smooth muscle neoplasms. Virtually all deep fibromatoses have somatic beta-catenin or adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene mutations leading to intranuclear accumulation of beta-catenin.

Villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the spine.

Objective: To describe the imaging features of spinal pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).

Design And Patients: We retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of pathologically proven spinal PVNS. Patient demographics and clinical presentation were reviewed.

Healthy doctors, healthy communities.

Promoting health and eliminating disease are goals of Healthy People 2010, a national initiative for all communities. Physician-directed interventions that advance these principles are most effective when directed by clinicians who regularly participate in such healthy behaviors themselves. This pilot study describes an 8-week intervention, "Well-being for You and Your Patients," for first-year medical students to experience health behavior change.

Lipoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: Site and subclassification of 125 cases.

Objective: Lipomas and lipoma variants are common soft tissue tumors, but occur infrequently in the oral and maxillofacial region. In this study, we reviewed 125 lipomas in specific oral and maxillofacial locations. We wanted to examine and compare the clinicopathologic features of these tumors.

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 21 cases with data supporting reclassification as a branchial anlage mixed tumor.

This report describes the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in 21 cases of a highly distinctive tumor with a strong predilection for the lower neck region of adult males. Our study group consisted of 20 males and one female. The patients were 28 to 79 years old (mean age, 47 years; median age, 40 years), and they presented with solitary, lobular or multilobular masses ranging in size from 2.

Synovial-type giant cell tumors of the vertebral column: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases, with a review of the literature and discussion of the differential diagnosis.

Synovial and tenosynovial giant cell tumors only rarely arise in close proximity to the axial skeleton; to date, fewer than 30 examples have been reported in the English-language medical literature. In this report we describe the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings in 15 cases retrieved from our files. The study group comprised 7 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 17 to 44 years (mean age, 32 years).

Oral and salivary gland angiosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 29 cases.

Angiosarcomas of the oral and salivary gland area are extremely rare, mostly presented as case reports. We wanted to study the clinicopathologic features of a series of oral and salivary gland angiosarcomas. Cases coded as "angiosarcoma" were retrieved from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

Hemangioma of the salivary gland: a study of ten cases of a rarely biopsied/excised lesion.

Hemangioma is a common soft tissue tumor that frequently occurs in the oral and maxillofacial region including salivary glands, but is rarely biopsied and is therefore often unfamiliar to the surgical pathologist. Our study examined the subclassification and histologic features of salivary gland hemangioma (SGH). Consultative cases coded as hemangioma and located in salivary gland from 1970 to 2000 were retrieved from the Registry of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (Washington, DC).

Liposarcoma of the oral and salivary gland region: a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases with emphasis on specific sites, morphologic subtypes, and clinical outcome.

Liposarcoma is rare in the oral and salivary gland region (OSG), previously described in only case reports and two small series. Clinicopathologic features of a large series of these tumors were studied. Cases coded as "liposarcoma or lipoma" from 1970 to 2000 were searched for in our files.