Identification of nutrition factors in the metabolic syndrome and its progression over time in older adults: analysis of the TUDA cohort.

Background: Nutrition is recognized as playing an important role in the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the dietary components involved are unclear. We aimed to investigate nutrition factors in relation to MetS and its progression in older adults over a follow-up period of 5.4 years.

Quality measures in pre-liver transplant care by the Practice Metrics Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

The liver transplantation (LT) evaluation and waitlisting process is subject to variations in care that can impede quality. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Metrics Committee (PMC) developed quality measures and patient-reported experience measures along the continuum of pre-LT care to reduce care variation and guide patient-centered care. Following a systematic literature review, candidate pre-LT measures were grouped into 4 phases of care: referral, evaluation and waitlisting, waitlist management, and organ acceptance.

Clinician consensus on "Inappropriate" presentations to the Emergency Department in the Better Data, Better Planning (BDBP) census: a cross-sectional multi-centre study of emergency department utilisation in Ireland.

Background: Utilisation of the Emergency Department (ED) for non-urgent care increases demand for services, therefore reducing inappropriate or avoidable attendances is an important area for intervention in prevention of ED crowding. This study aims to develop a consensus between clinicians across care settings about the "appropriateness" of attendances to the ED in Ireland.

Methods: The Better Data, Better Planning study was a multi-centre, cross-sectional study investigating factors influencing ED utilisation in Ireland.

Is Extra Virgin Olive Oil the Critical Ingredient Driving the Health Benefits of a Mediterranean Diet? A Narrative Review.

Most chronic diseases are preventable with a healthy diet, although there is debate about the optimal dietary approach. Increasingly more countries are focusing on food-based guidelines rather than the traditional nutrient-based approach. Although there is good agreement on plant foods, controversy remains about the types and amounts of fats and oils.

Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland.

Background: This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management of obesity in adults in Ireland, adapted from the Canadian CPG, defines obesity as a complex chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adiposity that impairs health. The guideline reflects substantial advances in the understanding of the determinants, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of obesity.

Summary: It shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving patient-centred health outcomes, functional outcomes, and social and economic participation, rather than weight loss alone.

The Efficacy of Albumin Dialysis in the Treatment of Severe Cholestatic Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Unlabelled: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of acute liver injury and can present as cholestatic injury with or without associated hepatitis. Although most patients with DILI recover with supportive care, some can develop severe refractory cholestasis that impairs recovery of hepatic function, with subsequent progression to acute or chronic liver failure. Current pharmacotherapy and extracorporeal therapies such as hemodialysis have limited benefit.

COVID-19 pandemic and vitamin D: rising trends in status and in daily amounts of vitamin D provided by supplements.

Objectives: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there have been plausible suggestions about the need to augment vitamin D intake by supplementation in order to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection and reduce mortality. Some groups have advocated supplementation for all adults, but governmental agencies have advocated targeted supplementation. We sought to explore the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on both vitamin D status and on the dose of new-to-market vitamin D supplements.

Nausea, Vomiting, and Dyspepsia Following Solid Organ Abdominal Transplant.

Background and objective Multiple comorbidities may contribute to high readmission rates post-transplant procedures. In this study, we aimed to assess the rates and factors associated with hospital readmissions for dyspeptic symptoms among transplant patients. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients who underwent solid organ transplants at our institution.

Nutrition policy: developing scientific recommendations for food-based dietary guidelines for older adults living independently in Ireland.

Older adults (≥65 years) are the fastest growing population group. Thus, ensuring nutritional well-being of the 'over-65s' to optimise health is critically important. Older adults represent a diverse population - some are fit and healthy, others are frail and many live with chronic conditions.

Addressing nutrient shortfalls in 1- to 5-year-old Irish children using diet modeling: development of a protocol for use in country-specific population health.

Background: Dietary habits formed in early childhood can track into later life with important impacts on health. Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) may have a role in improving population health but are lacking for young children.

Objectives: We aimed to establish a protocol for addressing nutrient shortfalls in 1- to 5-y-old children (12-60 mo) using diet modeling in a population-based sample.

Use of the Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System in Acute Liver Failure: Results of a Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Objectives: The molecular adsorbent recirculating system removes water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins and may be beneficial for acute liver failure patients. We compared the rates of 21-day transplant-free survival in acute liver failure patients receiving molecular adsorbent recirculating system therapy and patients receiving standard medical therapy.

Design: Propensity score-matched retrospective cohort analysis.

Retrospective Quality Improvement Study of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia and Implementation of Hospital-Wide Initiatives.

Background: Hospitalized patients who are receiving antihyperglycemic agents are at increased risk for hypoglycemia. Inpatient hypoglycemia may lead to increased risk for morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and readmission within 30 days of discharge, which in turn may lead to increased costs. Hospital-wide initiatives targeting hypoglycemia are known to be beneficial; however, their impact on patient care and economic measures in community nonteaching hospitals are unknown.

Assessing Food Insecurity in Medical Students.

Background And Objectives: Food insecurity, defined as the lack of reliable access to sufficient quantities of affordable, nutritious food and present in 11.1% of the general population, has not been assessed in medical students. Food insecurity is related to adverse outcomes for both health and academics in undergraduate students.

Renal Safety of Intravenous Gadolinium-enhanced MRI in Patients Following Liver Transplantation.

Background: Intravenous contrast-enhanced imaging is invaluable in diagnosing pathology following liver transplantation. Given the potential risk of contrast nephropathy associated with iodinated computed tomography contrast, alternate contrast modalities need to be examined, especially in the setting of renal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to examine the renal safety of MRI with gadolinium following liver transplantation.

Food Is Medicine: Using a 4-Week Cooking Program of Plant-Based, Olive oil Recipes to Improve Diet and Nutrition Knowledge in Medical Students.

Diet can be used to treat chronic diseases, yet nutrition education is not sufficiently included in most medical school curriculum. Providing practical nutrition information that could lead to improvements in clinical measures could improve patient outcomes and physician clinical skills; it might also improve the diet and eating behavior of the medical student. This study used a 4-week cooking program of plant-based recipes that included extra virgin olive oil to provide medical students with practical cooking skills and nutrition education.

Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease: Addressing Food Access as a Healthcare Issue.

Food insecurity, or lack of access to nutritionally adequate food, affects millions of US households every year. Food insecure individuals face disproportionately higher rates of chronic diseases, like diabetes mellitus and HIV/AIDS, and therefore accrue more healthcare costs. This puts into motion a cycle of disease and expense that furthers disparities between food secure and insecure patients.

Calculated insulin resistance correlates with stone-forming urinary metabolic changes and greater stone burden in high-risk stone patients.

Aims: Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are associated with nephrolithiasis. Proposed mechanisms of lithogenesis include insulin resistance causing low urine pH and hyperinsulinemia leading to hypercalciuria. Herein, we sought to determine whether insulin resistance was associated with differences in stone burden and lithogenic changes on 24-hour urine samples.

Empowering people to be healthier: public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter.

The WHO's Ottawa Charter highlights five priority areas for taking action in public health. Only one of them is at the individual level as action at more upstream intervention levels, such as community or policy levels, is critical for enabling individuals to succeed. The objective of the present paper is to give insight into the many complex processes involved in public health nutrition by describing the Ottawa Charter's five priority areas for taking action using public health nutrition initiatives I have been involved in.