Fpa (YlaN) is an iron(II) binding protein that functions to relieve Fur-mediated repression of gene expression in .

Iron (Fe) is a trace nutrient required by nearly all organisms. As a result of the demand for Fe and the toxicity of non-chelated cytosolic ionic Fe, regulatory systems have evolved to tightly balance Fe acquisition and usage while limiting overload. In most bacteria, including the mammalian pathogen , the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is the primary transcriptional regulator controlling the transcription of genes that code for Fe uptake and utilization proteins.

Geography is more important than life history in the recent diversification of the tiger salamander complex.

The North American tiger salamander species complex, including its best-known species, the Mexican axolotl, has long been a source of biological fascination. The complex exhibits a wide range of variation in developmental life history strategies, including populations and individuals that undergo metamorphosis; those able to forego metamorphosis and retain a larval, aquatic lifestyle (i.e.

Microbial assemblages reflect environmental heterogeneity in alpine streams.

Alpine streams are dynamic habitats harboring substantial biodiversity across small spatial extents. The diversity of alpine stream biota is largely reflective of environmental heterogeneity stemming from varying hydrological sources. Globally, alpine stream diversity is under threat as meltwater sources recede and stream conditions become increasingly homogeneous.

Innovative Models of Dental Care Delivery and Coverage: Patient-Centric Dental Benefits Based on Digital Oral Health Risk Assessment.

Innovative models of dental care delivery and coverage are emerging across oral health care systems causing changes to treatment and benefit plans. A novel addition to these models is digital risk assessment, which offers a promising new approach that incorporates the use of a cloud-based technology platform to assess an individual patient's risk for oral disease. Risk assessment changes treatment by including risk as a modifier of treatment and as a determinant of preventive services.

The Impact of Risk-Based Care on Early Childhood and Youth Populations.

This quality improvement project explored dental caries risk among children residing in El Monte, Calif., a low-income area 16 miles east of Los Angeles. In an attempt to decrease oral health disparities, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine established school-based oral health centers in El Monte and implemented a modified caries risk assessment protocol.

Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs.

Implementation of the coalescent model in a Bayesian framework is an emerging strength in genetically based species delimitation studies. By providing an objective measure of species diagnosis, these methods represent a quantitative enhancement to the analysis of multilocus data, and complement more traditional methods based on phenotypic and ecological characteristics. Recognized as two species 20 years ago, mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) now comprise more than 20 species, largely diagnosed from mtDNA sequence data.

Patient and family involvement in contemporary health care.

Objective: The objective of this article was to provide a guide to health care providers on patient and family involvement in health care.

Methods: This article evaluated the latest published studies for patient and family involvement and reexamined the objectives, the requirements for achieving these objectives, and the evidence of how to involve patients and families.

Results: Critical components for patient safety include changing the organizational culture; including patients and families on teams; listening to patients and families; incorporating their input into leadership structures and systems; providing full detail about treatment, procedures, and medication adverse effects; involving them on patient safety and performance improvement committees; and disclosing medical errors.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia in a 10-year-old child: a case study.

Purpose: To discuss the advanced practice nurse's diagnosis and management of an unsuspected primary immunodeficiency (PI) disease, X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), in a child.

Data Sources: Review of historical and current scientific literature, practice guidelines, and a case study.

Conclusions: While a diagnosis of XLA is most commonly made in the first 3 years of life, this case study presents a 10-year-old boy's circuitous route to this diagnosis.

Hormone replacement therapy counseling: prevalence and predictors.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) counseling and to investigate the relationship between patients' cultural background and healthcare professionals' counseling practices. HRT is the principal preventive intervention for reducing risk of menopause-related pathologic conditions. This study assessed self-reports of HRT counseling among women receiving care in an urban community hospital.

Innovative Clinical Addiction Research Training Track in Preventive Medicine.

Medical education related to identification, diagnosis and management of alcohol and other drug problems receives inadequate attention in the undergraduate curriculum and during residency training. This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a new track in Clinical Addiction Research Training (CART) in a General Preventive Medicine (GPM) residency program. CART is comprised of a new course in Addiction Medicine, new practicum sites in addiction medicine research and treatment, and a CART-designated resident.