Diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of neurocognitive disorders in older adults post-trauma: A protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), including delirium, cognitive impairment, or dementia are prevalent in up to 39% of older adults in acute care, particularly older trauma patients. Undiagnosed NCDs result in poor outcomes, such as increased incidence of depressive symptoms, longer length of stay, and mortality.

Objective: This study aims to identify the diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of NCDs in older trauma patients in acute settings.

Systematic review of multivariable prognostic models for outcomes at least 30 days after hip fracture finds 18 mortality models but no nonmortality models warranting validation.

Objectives: Prognostic models have the potential to aid clinical decision-making after hip fracture. This systematic review aimed to identify, critically appraise, and summarize multivariable prediction models for mortality or other long-term recovery outcomes occurring at least 30 days after hip fracture.

Study Design And Setting: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched up to May 2023.

The impact of lidocaine plaster prescribing reduction strategies: A comparison of two national health services in Europe.

Aims: In 2017, two distinct interventions were implemented in Ireland and England to reduce prescribing of lidocaine medicated plasters. In Ireland, restrictions on reimbursement were introduced through implementation of an application system for reimbursement. In England, updated guidance on items which should not be routinely prescribed in primary care, including lidocaine plasters, was published.

Patient and hospital-level factors associated with time to surgery after hip fracture in Ireland: Analysis of national audit data 2016-2020.

Introduction: In hip fracture care, time to surgery (TTS) is a commonly used quality indicator associated with patient outcomes including mortality. This study aimed to identify patient and hospital-level characteristics associated with TTS in Ireland.

Methods: National data from the Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) (2016-2020) were analysed along with hospital-level characteristics obtained from a 2020 organisational survey.

Long-term outcome collection after hip fracture in Ireland: a systematic review of traditional and grey literature.

Unlabelled: This review aimed to describe the methods and results from recent Irish research about post-acute hip fracture outcomes. Meta-analyses estimate the 30-day and 1-year mortality rate at 5% and 24% respectively. There is a need for standardised recommendations about which data should be recorded to aid national and international comparisons.

Geographic variation in hip fracture surgery rate, care quality and outcomes: a comparison between national registries in Ireland and Denmark.

Unlabelled: Ireland and Denmark have similar hip fracture surgery rates but differences in care quality indicators and patterns of intracapsular fracture repair. Very high variation in total hip arthroplasty rate within both countries and higher observed early mortality in Denmark require further investigation.

Purpose: To explore and compare geographic variation of hip fracture surgery rate, care quality and outcomes in Ireland and Denmark.

Geographical variation in orthopedic procedures in Norway: Cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: Standardized surgery rates for common orthopedic procedures vary across geographical areas in Norway. We explored whether area-level factors related to demand and supply in publicly funded healthcare are associated with geographical variation in surgery rates for six common orthopedic procedures.

Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional population-based study of hospital referral areas in Norway.

Hospital initiation of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs in older adults and discontinuation in primary care.

Objective: To examine factors associated with continuation of hospital-initiated benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs) among adults aged ≥65 years, specifically instructions on hospital discharge summaries.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved anonymised electronic record data on prescribing and hospitalisations for 38,229 patients aged ≥65 from forty-four GP practices in Ireland 2011-2016. BZRA initiations were identified among patients with no BZRA prescription in the previous 12 months.

Persistence with oral bisphosphonates and denosumab among older adults in primary care in Ireland.

Unlabelled: Gaps in pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis can reduce effectiveness. Among older adults, we found about half of new users of oral bisphosphonate and denosumab persisted with their treatment at 2 years, with few switching to alternative therapy. Persistence is suboptimal and warrants evaluation of interventions to improve this.

Factors associated with initiation of bone-health medication among older adults in primary care in Ireland.

Background: Adults at high risk of fragility fracture should be offered pharmacological treatment when not contraindicated, however, under-treatment is common.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate factors associated with bone-health medication initiation in older patients attending primary care.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Existing validated clinical prediction rules for predicting response to physiotherapy interventions for musculoskeletal conditions have limited clinical value: A systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review clinical prediction rules (CPRs) that have undergone validation testing for predicting response to physiotherapy-related interventions for musculoskeletal conditions.

Study Design And Setting: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to September 2020. Search terms included musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions, physiotherapy interventions and clinical prediction rules.

Novel approach to meta-analysis of tests and clinical prediction rules with three or more risk categories.

Objective: Multichotomous tests have three or more outcome or risk categories, and can provide richer information and a better fit with clinical decision-making than dichotomous tests. Our objective is to present a fully developed approach to the meta-analysis of multichotomous clinical prediction rules (CPRs) and tests, including meta-analysis of stratum specific likelihood ratios.

Study Design: We have developed a novel approach to the meta-analysis of likelihood ratios for multichotomous tests that avoids the need to dichotomise outcome categories, and demonstrate its application to a sample CPR.

Geographical variation in musculoskeletal surgical care in public hospitals in Ireland: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Objective: To examine the extent of geographical variation across musculoskeletal surgical procedures and associated factors in Ireland.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional study.

Setting: 36 public hospitals in Ireland.

First year post-stroke healthcare costs and fall-status among those discharged to the community.

Introduction: Falls are common post-stroke events but their relationship with healthcare costs is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between healthcare costs in the first year after stroke and falls among survivors discharged to the community.

Patients And Methods: Survivors of acute stroke with planned home discharges from five large hospitals in Ireland were recruited.

Falls-Related EvEnts in the first year after StrokE in Ireland: Results of the multi-centre prospective FREESE cohort study.

Introduction: Falls are common post-stroke adverse events. This study aimed to describe the first-year falls incidence, circumstances and consequences among persons discharged home after stroke in Ireland, and to examine the association between potential risk factors and recurrent falls.

Patients And Methods: Patients with acute stroke and planned home-discharge were recruited consecutively from five hospitals.

Meta-analysis of Calibration, Discrimination, and Stratum-Specific Likelihood Ratios for the CRB-65 Score.

Background: The CRB-65 score is recommended as a decision support tool to help identify patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who can safely be treated as outpatients.

Objective: To perform an updated meta-analysis of the accuracy, discrimination, and calibration of the CRB-65 score using a novel approach to calculation of stratum-specific likelihood ratios.

Design: Meta-analysis of accuracy, discrimination, and calibration.

Modification of Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing Following Fall-Related Hospitalizations in Older Adults.

Background: There is strong evidence that potentially inappropriate prescribing is associated with falls in older adults. Fall-related hospitalizations should trigger medication review.

Objectives: The aim of this before-and-after cohort study was to explore patterns of relevant potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people with fall-related hospitalizations.

Addressing cognitive impairment following stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a pervasive outcome of stroke, reported in over half of patients 6 months post-stroke and is associated with increased disability and a poorer quality of life. Despite the prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment, the efficacy of existing psychological interventions for the rehabilitation of cognitive impairment following stroke has yet to be established. The aim of this study is to identify psychological interventions from non-randomised studies that intended to improve post-stroke cognitive function and establish their efficacy.

Managing cognitive impairment following stroke: protocol for a systematic review of non-randomised controlled studies of psychological interventions.

Introduction: Stroke is one of the primary causes of death and disability worldwide, leaving a considerable proportion of survivors with persistent cognitive and functional deficits. Despite the prevalence of poststroke cognitive impairment, there is no established treatment aimed at improving cognitive function following a stroke. Therefore, the aims of this systematic review are to identify psychological interventions intended to improve poststroke cognitive function and establish their efficacy.

The experience of recurrent fallers in the first year after stroke.

Purpose: Understanding the experiences of fallers after stroke could inform falls-prevention interventions, which have not yet shown effectiveness in this population. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of recurrent fallers post-stroke in relation to recovery and living with falls.

Methods: Participants who had more than one fall in the first year after stroke were identified from a prospective cohort study.

Validation of two risk-prediction models for recurrent falls in the first year after stroke: a prospective cohort study.

Background: several multivariable models have been derived to predict post-stroke falls. These require validation before integration into clinical practice. The aim of this study was to externally validate two prediction models for recurrent falls in the first year post-stroke using an Irish prospective cohort study.

Barriers and facilitators associated with return to work after stroke: a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Purpose: To enhance the employment outcomes of individuals who experience a stroke, it is essential to understand the factors that determine successful return to work. The aim of this systematic review was to examine barriers to and facilitators of return to work after stroke from the perspective of people with stroke through the process of a qualitative meta-synthesis.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted.

Can Community and School-Based Supports Improve the Achievement of First-Generation Immigrant Children Attending High-Poverty Schools?

Using a quasi-experimental design, the effects of a student support intervention were estimated for the math and reading achievement of first-generation immigrant children (n = 667, M = 11.05 years of age) attending high-poverty, urban elementary schools. The intervention was designed to help schools identify developmental strengths and barriers to learning and, in turn, connect children to community and school supports aligned with their strengths and needs.

Systematic review of risk prediction models for falls after stroke.

Background: Falls are a significant cause of morbidity after stroke. The aim of this review was to identify, critically appraise and summarise risk prediction models for the occurrence of falling after stroke.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in December 2014 and repeated in June 2015.