Interpersonal Gaze and Helping Behavior.

A field experiment was conducted assessing the effects of interpersonal gaze upon helping behavior. Three hundred twenty men and women were approached by a male or female confederate with his arm in a sling who, upon dropping some coins, either looked or did not look at the bystander. The results indicated that gaze was associated with increased helping when both victim and bystander were female and decreased helping when the two were males.

Actual and Perceived Control during Canine-Human Interactions.

Two field studies were conducted investigating both the perception and exercise of control during canine-human interactions. In the first experiment, illusions of high and low control were found to develop as a function of the interaction between a contiguous or noncontiguous association of the Ss' behavior (a command) with the dog's response (obedience) and the objective controllability of the situation (untrained vs. trained dog).