Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors of twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway and their effect on the control of in chickens.

Introduction: Control of from farm to fork is challenging due to the frequent emergence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Furthermore, poultry production systems are known reservoirs of . The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is a crucial bacterial secretion system that allows to colonize the host intestinal tract by using formate as the main source of energy.

Concurrent and Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus Infection in a Turkey Flock with Recurrent History of Blackhead Disease.

Intestinal health is one of the key factors required for the growth and production of turkeys. Histomoniasis (blackhead disease), caused by a protozoan parasite, , is a reemerging threat to the turkey industry. Increased incidences of histomoniasis have been reported in recent years due to withdrawal of antihistomonas treatments.

Naturally occurring highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in three domestic cats in North America during 2023.

The Eurasian strain of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is a devastating pathogen for birds that also has the capacity to infect mammals. This report describes the presentation, clinical case findings (including haemogram and serum biochemistry), gross and microscopic lesions and virus detection in three HPAI H5N1-infected domestic cats from the USA in 2023. All three cats presented with neurological abnormalities and were euthanized due to a poor prognosis within 2 days (two cats) or 10 days (one cat) of known clinical disease onset.

Successful strategies for including adults with intellectual disabilities in research studies that use interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities are not often asked to participate in health research. This may be because researchers perceive them as unable to participate meaningfully with or without significant support and anticipate difficulty in obtaining ethical approval because of issues concerning consent and mental capacity. This means that the voices of adults with intellectual disabilities are often missing from health research and their experiences and views are unexplored.

A cross-case comparison of the trauma and orthopaedic hospital experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Aim: To present the cross-case comparison component of a qualitative study exploring and describing the experiences of adults with an intellectual disability who have received trauma and orthopaedic hospital care for musculoskeletal conditions or injuries in the United Kingdom.

Design: A qualitative, exploratory study was conducted using 1:1 semi-structured interviews to describe the lived experiences of trauma and orthopaedic hospital care from the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities and a carer of a person with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities. The data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

The voices of people with an intellectual disability and a carer about orthopaedic and trauma hospital care in the UK: An interpretative phenomenological study.

Introduction: People with intellectual disabilities have a greater prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries than the general population. Orthopaedic and trauma hospital care has not been investigated with this group who seldom have their voices heard or their experiences valued and interpreted.

Aim: To understand the orthopaedic and trauma hospital experiences from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities.

An integrative review of the hospital experiences of people with an intellectual disability: Lack of orthopaedic and trauma perspectives.

Aims: To review the empirical literature relating to the orthopaedic and trauma hospital experiences of people with intellectual disabilities (PWID).

Design: An integrative review was conducted following the steps advocated by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Primary research studies from 2007 to 2020 which included the hospital experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities were reviewed.

Updating the UK competence framework for orthopaedic and trauma nurses 2019.

The updated RCN Competence Framework for orthopaedic and trauma practitioners was published in 2019 following completion of a 2 year project undertaken by a working group of representatives from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Expert musculoskeletal practitioners, including an allied health professional and working across the lifespan in varying domains of orthopaedic and trauma practice, collaborated to produce a working document applicable to trauma and orthopaedic (T&O) practitioners from all NHS (UK) pay bands. The 2019 document builds on the original and subsequent versions (2005 and 2012), importing new evidence and reformatting it so that it is contemporary and easily cross referenced with the NMC Code (2018).

Novel Anti-Campylobacter Compounds Identified Using High Throughput Screening of a Pre-selected Enriched Small Molecules Library.

Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and infections can be fatal. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter spp. necessitates the development of new antimicrobials.

The experiences of orthopaedic and trauma nurses who have cared for adults with a learning disability.

Background: There is no published empirical research about the experiences of orthopaedic and trauma nurses who have cared for people with a learning disability. However, adults with a learning disability sustain more injuries, falls and accidents than the general population. Because of their increased health needs, there has been a corresponding increase in their numbers attending general/acute hospitals.

Polyphosphate-mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni biofilm growth and stability.

Biofilms increase C. jejuni's resilience to detergents, antibiotics, and environmental stressors. In these investigations, we studied the modulation of biofilm in response to phosphate related stressors.

Evaluating the occurrence of host-specific , general fecal indicators, and bacterial pathogens in a mixed-use watershed.

Fecal contamination of water is very common, and, in the United States, prevention is complicated by the colossal span of waterways (>3.5 million miles), heterogeneous sources of pollution, and competing interests in water monitoring. The focus of this study was the Upper Sugar Creek Watershed, a mixed-use watershed with many headwater streams and one of the most contaminated waterways in Ohio.

Contribution of TAT system translocated PhoX to Campylobacter jejuni phosphate metabolism and resilience to environmental stresses.

Campylobacter jejuni is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that colonizes food animals; it is transmitted via fecal contamination of food, and infections in immune-compromised people are more likely to result in serious long-term illness. Environmental phosphate is likely an important sensor of environmental fitness and the ability to obtain extracellular phosphate is central to the bacteria's core metabolic responses. PhoX is the sole alkaline phosphatase in C.

A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of Lawsonia intracellularis.

Lawsonia intracellularis, a causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is difficult to culture, propagate, and quantify. The intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-18, derived from rat small intestine crypt cells) has been used to isolate and propagate this pathogen. However, the lack of rapid and simple quantification methods has led to mixed results when using the rat cell line, complicating Lawsonia studies.

Casting: below-knee back slabs.

This article completes a short series on how to apply casts. It examines how below-knee back slabs should be applied following ankle and foot injuries.

Casting: U-slabs.

This article continues a short series of articles on how to apply casts. It examines how U-slabs should be applied following fracture of the shaft of the humerus.

Casting: below-elbow back slabs.

This article continues a short series of articles on how to apply casts. It examines how below-elbow back slabs should be applied following fracture of the distal forearm and wrist.

Functional characterization of the twin-arginine translocation system in Campylobacter jejuni.

Human campylobacterosis is one of the most commonly occurring types of bacterial food poisoning in the United States and other developed countries. Most human cases are due to Campylobacter jejuni that is commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. The twin-arginine translocase (TAT) secretion system uses N-terminal peptide tags with a distinct twin-arginine-containing motif to identify partially or fully folded proteins and directs them across the cytoplasmic membrane.

Casting: above-elbow back slabs.

This article continues a short series of articles on how to apply casts. It examines how above-elbow back slabs should be applied following fracture of the forearm, elbow and distal humerus.