The stability of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

Context: Some studies suggest the presence of metabolic syndrome before adulthood may identify those at high risk for later cardiovascular morbidity, but there are few data examining the reliability of pediatric metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To examine the short- and long-term stability of pediatric metabolic syndrome.

Design: Metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting serum triglycerides in the 90th or higher percentile for age/sex; high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol 10th or lower percentile for age/sex; and fasting serum glucose of at least 100 mg/dl.

Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and energy intake in overweight children.

Objective: To examine the relationship between energy intake during a buffet meal and indexes of insulin dynamics in overweight children.

Study Design: Ninety-five nondiabetic, overweight (body mass index > or = 95th percentile) children (age 10.3 +/- 1.

Oxygen-uptake efficiency slope as a determinant of fitness in overweight adolescents.

Purpose: Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) is frequently difficult to assess in overweight individuals; therefore, submaximal measures that predict VO2peak are proposed as substitutes. Oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) has been suggested as a submaximal measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness that is independent of exercise intensity. There are few data examining its value as a predictor of V O2peak in severely overweight adolescents.

Differences between the perceived and actual age of overweight onset in children and adolescents.

Objective: Little is known about whether children or their parents can accurately recall the age at which they became overweight. DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We interviewed 64 overweight children (7-18 years old) about their weight history and compared reported age of overweight onset with actual onset, as determined by the age at which the child's measured BMI first exceeded the 95th percentile.

Results: Only 28% of children reported overweight onset within 1 year of actual overweight onset.

Influence of serum leptin on weight and body fat growth in children at high risk for adult obesity.

Objective: Our objective was to examine serum leptin prospectively as a predictor of weight and body fat growth in children at high risk for adult obesity. We hypothesized that leptin measurements would be positively associated with increased growth of adipose tissue because children with high baseline leptin for their body fat mass have greater leptin resistance and thus would have greater susceptibility to weight gain.

Methods: Children ages 6-12 yr at high risk for adult obesity because of early-onset childhood overweight and/or parental overweight were recruited from 1996-2004.

The genome and proteome of coliphage T1.

The genome of enterobacterial phage T1 has been sequenced, revealing that its 50.7-kb terminally redundant, circularly permuted sequence contains 48,836 bp of nonredundant nucleotides. Seventy-seven open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, with a high percentage of small genes located at the termini of the genomes displaying no homology to existing phage or prophage proteins.

Modem transmission of glucose values reduces the costs and need for clinic visits.

Objective: To determine whether modem technology allows for effective management of type 1 diabetes when used in lieu of a clinic visit.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 70 adolescent patients with diabetes were prospectively randomized to either a control group or a modem group. Control group patients continued the standard of care of quarterly clinic visits, and modem group patients were instructed to transmit blood glucose data every 2 weeks for 6 months instead of a usual quarterly clinic visit.

Use of the GlucoWatch biographer in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To determine whether use of the GlucoWatch biographer improves glucose control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Forty children in poor glucose control (glycohemoglobin [HbA1c] >8%) were randomized to diabetes management with or without glucose monitoring using the biographer. Conventional glucose monitoring was performed 4 times daily in both groups.