A Review of the Management of Bile Leaks.

Bile leaks can be a complication of abdominal surgeries, specifically trauma to the biliary system during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and can occur from a variety of sources, commonly a bile duct injury (BDI). Their management involves a multidisciplinary approach and depends on a multitude of factors. This consequence has also led to increased health care costs and morbidity and mortality for patients.

Leadership Amongst Regional and National Surgical Organizations: The Tides Are Changing.

Introduction: Leadership amongst professional organizations is a key opportunity for scholarly activity which is essential for academic advancement. Our objective was to examine the differences between men and women in leadership within surgical organizations.

Methods: Credentials were obtained through an internet search.