Isolation and genotypic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Aeromonas hydrophila from selected freshwater sources in Southwest Nigeria.

The proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance is a pressing public health challenge because of their possible transfer to humans via contact with polluted water sources. In this study, three freshwater resources were assessed for important physicochemical characteristics as well as heterotrophic and coliform bacteria and as potential reservoirs for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains. The physicochemical characteristics ranged from 7.

Incidence of antibiotic resistance genotypes of Vibrio species recovered from selected freshwaters in Southwest Nigeria.

Vibrio species are classified as potent hazards because of their tendency to effect serious diseases like cholera and other gastrointestinal ailments in humans, as well as vibriosis in fish. A total of 144 freshwater samples were aseptically collected monthly across four rivers (Asejire, Ona, Dandaru and Erinle rivers) over a 12-month period from which Vibrio spp. were isolated using culture procedures, confirmed by means of biochemical test as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay and further characterized for their phenotypic antibiotic susceptibilities and relevant antimicrobial resistant determinants by PCR.

Occurrence and antibiogram signatures of some Vibrio species recovered from selected rivers in South West Nigeria.

Vibrio species, widely distributed in water environments, has emerged as a prominent cause of water and food-related disease outbreaks posing significant risk to human and animal health worldwide. About 40% of presumptive isolates recovered from four selected rivers in Southwest Nigeria and, established as Vibrio species genus through polymerase chain reaction techniques., were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of 18 commonly used antibiotics.

Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility fingerprints of Plesiomonas shigelliodes isolates in water samples collected from some freshwater resources in Southwest Nigeria.

Plesiomonas shigelloides, is an emerging and significant enteric pathogen in water having implication in both localised and gastrointestinal infections with characteristic of displaying high resistance against commonly used antibiotics. This study evaluated the prevalence of Plesiomonas shigelloides and their antibiogram fingerprints in water sample collected from four rivers in South-western Nigeria. In all, 148 presumptive Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates was recovered from the rivers out of which 66 (44.

Concentrations and Human Health Risk of Heavy Metals in Rivers in Southwest Nigeria.

Background: Rivers are the most vital freshwater resources in the world. In Southwest Nigeria, anthropogenic activity stresses the quantity and quality of water resources.

Methods: The present study examined the concentrations and human health risk of five heavy metals (manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) in selected rivers in Southwest Nigeria.

Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some South African medicinal plants against multidrug resistant etiological agents of diarrhoea.

Background: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of some plants used in folklore medicine to treat diarrhoea in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

Methods: The acetone extracts of Acacia mearnsii De Wild., Aloe arborescens Mill.

Molecular Characteristics and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Isolates in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.

The increase in the incidence of extended-spectrum -lactamase- (ESBL-) producing species has become a serious problem worldwide, because of their incrimination in antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study is to investigate the resistance genes responsible for ESBL-producing species and carbapenemase-producing (CRE) isolated in Mthatha and to study their epidemiology. A prospective, descriptive study of 202 nonrepetitive samples from patients was obtained from Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital.

Molecular basis of virulence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Background: Apart from localized gastrointestinal infections, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are major causes of systemic disease in both humans and animals. Salmonella spp. cause invasive infections such as enteric fever, septicemia, osteomyelitis and meningitis while certain types of E.

Evaluation of the antibacterial and anticancer activities of some South African medicinal plants.

Background: Several herbs are traditionally used in the treatment of a variety of ailments particularly in the rural areas of South Africa where herbal medicine is mainly the source of health care system. Many of these herbs have not been assessed for safety or toxicity to tissue or organs of the mammalian recipients.

Methods: This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of some medicinal plants used, inter alia, in the treatment of diarrhoea, and stomach disorders.