Cue Detection and Self-Debriefing Techniques in Virtual Simulation: Techniques Using Cognitive Engineering Inspired Expertise Development Approaches.

Introduction: Online experiential learning can benefit learners with scalable techniques to self-debrief and to develop cognitive skills in recognizing clinical cues.

Methods: We developed techniques for cue-detection exercises and self-debriefing, based on cognitive engineering-inspired expertise development approaches that focus on tacit knowledge, sensemaking, and mental models. Self-debriefing was structured by asking the learners to compare and then reflect on their choices and rationales against those provided by a panel of experts.

Malnutrition and the critically ill elderly patient.

Patients over the age of 65 years are the most rapidly growing segment of the critical care population, occupying about two thirds of all ICU beds. The critical care nurse must have an acute awareness of the nutritional requirements and the physiologic impact of age and the stress of illness on the nutritional status of the elderly critically ill patient. This knowledge is essential to implement appropriate nutritional support to prevent or manage malnutrition.