The relationship between breastfeeding test weights and postpartum breastfeeding rates.

This secondary analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between test weights and days of breastfeeding. Test weights were performed with a scale (accurate to 2 grams) before and after feeding. Days of breastfeeding was measured by self-reporting.

Screening Native American children for asthma: findings from focus group discussions.

Context: Because of the past history among the Indian people related to research, it is incumbent upon those of us who wish to conduct research with these groups to protect them from exploitation, to conduct research that will be beneficial to the tribal community, and to work together to make the research as meaningful and as successful as possible. The process of conducting research among Native American tribes can appear to the novice as very time-consuming and full of barriers. These are necessary guards to protect their people.

Testing protocols: care of biological samples in a rural setting.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate collection, transport, and storage protocols of urine and air allergen samples from infants in a rural setting. Infant urine and aeroallergen samples (n = 21) are collected in the home setting in rural areas where time and distance to the central laboratory is a consideration. Urine samples are analyzed using ELISA tests after being transported using three different techniques: (a) ambient temperature, (b) dry ice, and (c) packaged on dry ice and shipped commercially.

Negotiating three worlds: academia, nursing science, and tribal communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to use a cross-cultural model to guide the exploration of common issues and the dynamic interrelationships surrounding entrée to tribal communities as experienced by four nursing research teams.

Method: Members of four research teams discuss the primary lessons learned about successful strategies and challenges encountered during their projects' early stages.

Results: Understanding the cultural values of relationship and reciprocity is critical to the success of research projects conducted in Native American communities.

Influence of intention and self-efficacy levels on duration of breastfeeding for midwest rural mothers.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of two modifiable factors (intention to breastfeed for 6 months and breastfeeding self-efficacy) with the duration of breastfeeding in primiparous women.

Findings: Analyzed by logistic regression in a single prediction model, stronger intention (odds ratio = 1.89) and higher levels of self-efficacy at 2 weeks postpartum (odds ratio = 1.

Early consumption of human milk oligosaccharides is inversely related to subsequent risk of respiratory and enteric disease in infants.

A pilot study tested the relationship between human milk oligosaccharide consumption, oligosaccharide content of feces, and subsequent disease in breastfed infants. Forty-nine (49) mother-infant pairs provided milk and fecal samples 2 weeks postpartum; infant health was assessed through 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. LNF-II (lacto-N-fucopentaose II), a major human milk oligosaccharide, was measured to represent levels of total oligosaccharides consumed in milk and remaining in feces.

First-time mothers' selection of infant supine sleep positioning.

The incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) has decreased dramatically since the inception of the "Back to Sleep" campaign initiated by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1992. However, that decrease has leveled off and many new parents cease to follow the recommendation to place their infants in the supine position for sleep between 1 and 3 months of age, the peak age for the incidence of SIDS. Shortened hospital stays for new mothers and the overwhelming amount of required patient teaching dictate the need to find the best method of instruction.

A comparison of blood pressure in term, low birth-weight infants of smoking and nonsmoking mothers.

Infants exposed to the components of cigarette smoke in utero are at an increased risk for perinatal death, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and premature delivery. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare blood pressure values in term low-birth weight infants ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Smoking hygiene: an educational intervention to reduce respiratory symptoms in breastfeeding infants exposed to tobacco.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recently removed nicotine from the category of drugs contraindicated during breastfeeding. Little evidence demonstrates that infants exposed to nicotine through breastfeeding experience increased health risks beyond the airborne risks associated with passive smoking. The purpose of this longitudinal, five-week, quasi-experimental pilot study was to determine whether "smoking hygiene," an educational intervention, reduces the frequency of respiratory symptoms experienced by infants whose mothers both smoke and breastfeed.

Smoking hygiene: reducing infant exposure to tobacco.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recently removed nicotine from the list of drugs contraindicated during breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of determining the effect of a smoking hygiene intervention on infants of breastfeeding mothers who smoke cigarettes. An experimental design with repeated measures was used.

Motivational interviewing to promote sustained breastfeeding.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using motivational interviewing to promote sustained breastfeeding by increasing a mother's intent to breastfeed for 6 months and increasing her breastfeeding self-efficacy.

Design: A longitudinal experimental two-group design with repeated measures was selected to explore the feasibility of using motivational interviewing to promote sustained breastfeeding in primiparous mothers.

Setting: Three Western rural community hospital sites.

A model for the HELLP syndrome: the maternal experience.

Objective: To describe the experience of mothers whose pregnancies were complicated with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) and to determine if such experiences could be clustered by common themes from which a model could emerge.

Design: Retrospective, descriptive, qualitative study utilizing grounded theory analysis.

Setting: Participants were interviewed in their homes via telephone.

Application of Neuman's framework: infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how Neuman's systems model can be applied to nursing practice and research through the examination of the problem of infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. By operationalizing Neuman's framework, it was possible to develop a research-based theory investigating the interaction between the infant's physiological variable and the environment. A nursing process tool and theoretical model developed from Neuman's framework are utilized to examine the problem.