Real-time 3-dimensional dynamics of functional mitral regurgitation: a prospective quantitative and mechanistic study.

Background: Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D-TTE) with dedicated software permits quantification of mitral annulus dynamics and papillary muscle motion throughout the cardiac cycle.

Methods And Results: Mitral apparatus 3D-TTE was acquired in controls (n=42), patients with left ventricle dysfunction and functional mitral regurgitation (LVD-FMR; n=43) or without FMR (LVD-noMR, n=35). Annulus in both normal and LVD-noMR subjects displayed saddle shape accentuation in early-systole (ratio of height to intercommissural diameter, 10.

Contrasting effect of similar effective regurgitant orifice area in mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: a quantitative Doppler echocardiographic study.

We compared the effect of similar effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) areas in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and mitral regurgitation (MR) on hemodynamics and volume overload, and examined the impact on grading of TR and MR severity. In a prospective study, 95 patients with TR in sinus rhythm were compared with 95 patients with MR in sinus rhythm matched for ERO area, age, and body surface area. We found that similar ERO area was associated with decreased volume overload in TR compared with MR.