Diabetes is recognized as a risk factor for cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to identify the metabolic pathways altered in diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) using untargeted metabolomics. We conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics to profile serum metabolite levels in 100 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (54 without and 46 with DACD).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Dementia is a debilitating neurological disease affecting millions of people worldwide. The exact mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of the disease remain to be fully defined. There is an increasing body of evidence for the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of dementia, where blood-borne autoimmune antibodies have been studied as potential markers associated with pathological mechanisms of dementia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study compared the utility of corneal nerve measures with brain volumetry for predicting progression to dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods: Participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI) and MCI underwent assessment of cognitive function, brain volumetry of thirteen brain structures, including the hippocampus and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Participants with MCI were followed up in the clinic to identify progression to dementia.
Introduction: This study compared the capability of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent assessment of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), MRI brain volumetry, and CCM.
Results: Two hundred eight participants with NCI (n = 42), MCI (n = 98), and dementia (n = 68) of comparable age and gender were studied.
Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathology occur in Schizophrenia. This study compared the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), an ophthalmic imaging technique with MRI brain volumetry in quantifying neuronal pathology and its relationship to cognitive dysfunction and symptom severity in schizophrenia. Thirty-six subjects with schizophrenia and 26 controls underwent assessment of cognitive function, symptom severity, CCM and MRI brain volumetry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn patients with acute ischemic stroke, pial collaterals play a key role in limiting neurological disability by maintaining blood flow to ischemic penumbra. We hypothesized that patient with poor pial collaterals will have greater corneal nerve and endothelial cell abnormalities. In a cross-sectional study, 35 patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion with poor (n = 12) and moderate-good (n = 23) pial collaterals and 35 healthy controls underwent corneal confocal microscopy and quantification of corneal nerve and endothelial cell morphology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: This study assessed the association of cerebral ischemia with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia.
Methods: Subjects with MCI, dementia and controls underwent assessment of cognitive function, severity of brain ischemia, MRI brain volumetry and corneal confocal microscopy.
Results: Of 63 subjects with MCI ( = 44) and dementia ( = 19), 11 had no ischemia, 32 had subcortical ischemia and 20 had both subcortical and cortical ischemia.
Aims/introduction: Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) is associated with small nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration. This study investigated whether the presence of pDPN might influence nerve regeneration in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing intensive glycemic control.
Materials And Methods: This exploratory substudy of an open-label randomized controlled trial undertook the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questionnaire and assessment of electrochemical skin conductance, vibration perception threshold and corneal nerve morphology using corneal confocal microscopy in participants with and without pDPN treated with exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin at baseline and 1-year follow up, and 18 controls at baseline only.
Background: Visual rating of medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) is an accepted structural neuroimaging marker of Alzheimer's disease. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic technique that detects neuronal loss in peripheral and central neurodegenerative disorders.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of CCM for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia compared to medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) rating on MRI.
Retroperitoneal sarcoma is relatively uncommon, constituting only 10-15 percent of all soft tissue sarcomas. The most common histologic types of RPS are liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Retroperitoneal sarcoma is classified based on the amount of lipid inside the cells, the mucoid lipid and the degree of cell differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: To assess the effect of exenatide and pioglitazone or basal-bolus insulin on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Research Design And Methods: This is a substudy of the Qatar Study, an open-label, randomized controlled trial. 38 subjects with poorly controlled T2D were studied at baseline and 1-year follow-up and 18 control subjects were assessed at baseline only.
Objectives: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a noninvasive ophthalmic technique that identifies corneal nerve degeneration in a range of peripheral neuropathies and in patients with multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We sought to determine whether there is any association of corneal nerve fiber measures with cognitive function and functional independence in patients with MCI and dementia.
Methods: In this study, 76 nondiabetic participants with MCI ( = 30), dementia ( = 26), and healthy age-matched controls ( = 20) underwent assessment of cognitive and physical function and CCM.