Chronic Addiction to Tramadol and Withdrawal Effect on the Spermatogenesis and Testicular Tissues in Adult Male Albino Rats.

Aim: The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of tramadol on the testicular functions of adult male rats due to the chronic usage of tramadol and the effect of its withdrawal.

Method: Adult male albino rats were classified into the following 3 groups: (I) a control administered with normal saline and (II) tramadol-treated rats (40 mg/kg b.w.