First Record of the Isolation of blaNDM-1-Producing Enterotoxigenic Enterobacter cloacae ssp. cloacae in Baghdad/Iraq.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a major problem threatening human beings. The genetic determinants that carry resistance genes can be transmitted in several ways in clinical and food environments. Hence, this research study aimed to investigate the presence of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (blaNDM-1) produced by enterotoxigenic Enterobacter cloacae in both clinical and food samples.

The Correlation between Adhesion Genes and Biofilm Formation among Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates.

Background: The adhesion genes are responsible for biofilm production which leads to chronic diseases like urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most predominant pathogen involved in UTIs. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between adhesion genes and bacterial biofilm that form by UPEC.