Categorization of differences of sex development among Egyptian children and the role of antimullerian hormone and inhibin B.

Background: Differences of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions linked to atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex.

Objective: The aim of this study was to demonstrate our experiences at the Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit (DEMPU), Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University in the field of DSD by focusing on the clinical presentation, laboratory profile, classification, and etiological diagnosis of these conditions. In addition, the present study intended to delineate the importance of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B in detecting the presence of functioning testicular tissue.

Assessment of the Effect of Timing of Insulin Glargine Administration (Bedtime versus Morning) on Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in Cairo, Egypt: A Single Centre Experience.

Background: Diabetes control without developing hypoglycemia is challenging in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, with few studies evaluating the effect of insulin glargine timing on glucoregulation.

Objectives: The aim is to compare glycemic control using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in children with T1D receiving bedtime versus morning glargine and to assess CGM effect on glycemia.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 30 pediatric patients with T1D receiving glargine (19 at bedtime and 11 in the morning).

Reference values for penile and clitoral lengths of healthy term Egyptian newborn infants.

Aim: Examination of the external genital organs is an integral part of the routine physical examination of the newborn. Early recognition of micropenis or clitoromegaly is important as they may be the only obvious manifestation of pituitary or hypothalamic hormonal deficiencies at birth. Studies suggest that differences in penile or clitoral anthropometry may exist between different populations.

Metabolic syndrome in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and its association with apolipoprotein E.

Aim: Obesity and its metabolic complications are increasing in childhood and extend to adulthood. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a sample of Egyptian adolescent girls and investigate its association with apolipoprotein E.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, including 200 Egyptian adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years.

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in patients with turner syndrome: Relation to karyotype, spontaneous puberty, and replacement therapy.

Most girls with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer from incomplete sexual development, premature ovarian failure, and infertility due to abnormal ovarian folliculogenesis. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels reflect the ovarian reserve in females, even in childhood. Thus, we aimed to assess serum AMH levels in girls with TS and its relation to karyotype, spontaneous puberty, and growth hormone (GH) therapy.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction without left ventricular hypertrophy in obese children and adolescents: a Tissue Doppler Imaging and Cardiac Troponin I Study.

Background: Obesity increases the risk for various cardiovascular problems. Increase in body mass index is often an independent risk factor for the development of elevated blood pressure and clustering of various cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective: To determine early markers of left ventricular affection in obese patients before the appearance of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Identification of insulin gene variants in neonatal diabetes.

Objectives: Permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM) is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for the synthesis of different proteins that are important for the normal behavior of beta cells in the pancreas. Mutations in the insulin gene (INS) are considered as one of the causes of diabetes in neonates. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variations in the INS gene in a group of Egyptian infants diagnosed with PNDM.