The Role of P4HB and SOX4 in Prostatic Carcinoma and Their Clinical Significance.

Background & Objective: Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second most prevalent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Additionally, pathologists may face problems diagnosing it reliably and may need more than one marker. Thus, the search for new immunohistochemical biomarkers becomes mandatory.

Is overexpression of CD163 and CD47 in tumour cells of breast carcinoma implicated in the recruitment of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumour microenvironment? immunohistochemical prognostic study.

Background: Now, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are promoted. tumour -Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are an essential component of immune-response in breast cancer(BC) with prognostic controversy. Additionally, their recruiting factors are still obscure.

The pulmonary protective potential of vanillic acid-loaded TPGS-liposomes: modulation of miR-217/MAPK/NF-κb signalling pathway.

The aim is to investigate the possible pulmonary protective effect of vanillic acid (VA) in liposome-TPGS nanoparticles, to overcome VA's poor bioavailability. VA was successfully extracted. Liposomes were prepared using thin film hydration.

STIM1/SOX2 proteins are co-expressed in the tumor and microenvironmental stromal cells of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and ampullary carcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and ampullary carcinoma (AAC) are lethal malignancies with modest benefits from surgery. SOX2 and STIM1 have been linked to anticancer activity in several human malignancies. This study included 94 tumor cases: 48 primary PDAC, 25 metastatic PDAC, and 21 primary AAC with corresponding non-tumor tissue.

An approach for an enhanced anticancer activity of ferulic acid-loaded polymeric micelles via MicroRNA-221 mediated activation of TP53INP1 in caco-2 cell line.

Ferulic acid (FA) has powerful antioxidant and antitumor activities, but it has low bioavailability owing to its poor water solubility. Our aim is to formulate polymeric mixed micelles loaded with FA to overcome its poor solubility and investigate its potential anticancer activity via miRNA-221/TP53INP1 axis-mediated autophagy in colon cancer. A D-optimal design with three factors was used for the optimization of polymeric mixed micelles by studying the effects of each of total Pluronics mixture (mg), Pluronic P123 percentage (%w/w), and drug amount (mg) on both entrapment efficiency (EE%) and particle size.

Evaluation of ARK5 and SIRT3 expression in renal cell carcinoma and their clinical significance.

Background: Globally Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) represents 3% of malignant tumours in adults and 1.78% in Egypt. AMPK-related protein kinase 5 (ARK5) is mainly associated with a hypoxic microenvironment which is a feature of the major RCC subtypes.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Quality by Design in the Formulation of Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug.

The aim of the current study is to explore the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) when integrated with Quality by Design (QbD) approach in the formulation of a poorly water-soluble drug, for its potential use in carcinoma. Silymarin is used as a model drug for its potential effectiveness in liver cancer. A detailed QbD approach was applied.

Clinical significance of immunohistochemical expression of DDR1 and β-catenin in colorectal carcinoma.

Background: Despite recent advances in therapy modalities of colorectal cancer (CRC), it is still the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, the search for new target therapies became mandatory. DDR1 is a collagen receptor that has a suggested role in cellular proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis.

Circulating and/or cutaneous irisin resistance: A novel link among androgenetic alopecia, comorbid metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risks.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common cause of hair loss in both genders that may be associated with disturbed systemic metabolism. Irisin is a hormone-like myokine that greatly influences systemic metabolism and is linked to cardiovascular diseases.

Aim: To detect irisin role in AGA and its associated metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk.

Response surface optimization of a cardioprotective compound through pharmacosomal drug delivery system: in vivo bioavailability and cardioprotective activity potential.

Vanillic acid (VA) is a phenolic compound with potential antioxidant activity, which improves ischemia-induced myocardial degeneration, by reducing oxidative stress; however, it suffers poor bioavailability owing to its poor solubility. VA-loaded pharmacosomes were optimized using a central composite design, where the effect of phosphatidylcholine:VA molar ratio and the precursor concentration were studied. An optimized formulation (O) was prepared and tested for the release rate of VA, in vivo bioavailability, and cardioprotective potential on myocardial infarction-induced rats.

Expression Profile of Myoepithelial Cells in DCIS: Do They Change From Protective Angels to Wicked Witches?

The mechanism of transition of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive cancer is elusive but recently changes in the myoepithelial cells (MECs) have been implicated. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in gene profile of MECs in DCIS that could compromise their tumor suppressor function leading to promotion of tumor progression. Immuno-laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolate MECs from normal and DCIS breast tissues followed by whole genome expression profiling using Affymetrix HGU-133 plus2.

Role of SIX1, EYA2, and E-cadherin in ovarian carcinoma. Evidence on epithelial-mesenchymal transition from an immunohistochemical study.

This study aims to investigate the expression of SIX1, EYA2, and E-cadherin in ovarian cancer (OC). It was conducted on 97 cases of surface epithelial tumors (SEOTs). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for the three markers was applied to archival paraffin-embedded sections.

Optimization of nanovesicular carriers of a poorly soluble drug using factorial design methodology and artificial neural network by applying quality by design approach.

The current work aims to utilize a quality by design (QbD) approach to develop and optimize nanovesicular carriers of a hydrophobic drug. Rosuvastatin calcium was used as a model drug, which suffers poor bioavailability. Several tools were used in the risk assessment study as Ishikawa diagrams.

Comparative study of immunohistochemical expression of ERG and MAGI2 in prostatic carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Diagnosis of Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is still a problematic issue. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of ERG immunohistochemical (IHC) expression compared to MAGI2.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 56 cases of PAC and 29 cases of nodular prostatic hyperplasia (NPH).

Clinical Significance of Immunohistochemical Expression of Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor in Patients With Breast Cancer in Egypt.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in female individuals worldwide. It constitutes about 38.8% of all malignant tumors among Egyptian female individuals.

Topical insulin-liposomal formulation in management of recurrent aphthous ulcers: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical insulin-liposomal gel in aphthous ulcer treatment.

Methods: 80 participants with minor aphthous ulcers were randomly divided to receive either topical insulin-liposomal gel or placebo gel (once daily) for 6 days. Assessment of outcomes included visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (primary outcome), and secondary outcomes included ulcer duration and impact of treatment on quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14).

Comparative lyophilized platelet-rich plasma wafer and powder for wound-healing enhancement: formulation, and studies.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) accelerates wound healing, as it is an excellent source of growth factors. PRP was separated from whole human blood by centrifugation. PRP powder and wafers were prepared by lyophilization, with the wafers prepared using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na CMC).

Insulin Mucoadhesive Liposomal Gel for Wound Healing: a Formulation with Sustained Release and Extended Stability Using Quality by Design Approach.

The present study deals with the formulation of topical insulin for wound healing with extended stability and sustained release, by applying quality by design concepts. Insulin has been promoted as a promising therapeutic wound healing agent. Topical formulation of insulin faced major problems, as it cannot be delivered safely to the wound with a controlled rate.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Microfibrillar-associated Protein 5 (MFAP5) in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type.

Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent female cancer in Egypt and worldwide. Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) is a multifunctional glycoprotein. Although MFAP5 gene was among the genes that found globally expressed in human cancers, it had been only recently reported in few cancer research studies.

Toxoplasma gondii as a possible causative pathogen of type-1 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from case-control and experimental studies.

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative parasite of an important worldwide disease. This obligate intracellular parasite can infect and replicate inside any nucleated cells including those of pancreas. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas and is responsible for controlling blood glucose concentration.

Enhancement of the bioavailability of an antihypertensive drug by transdermal protransfersomal system: formulation and in vivo study.

Timolol Maleate (TiM), a nonselective β-adrenergic blocker, is a potent highly effective agent for management of hypertension. The drug suffers from poor oral bioavailability (50%) due to its first pass effect and a short elimination half-life of 4 h; resulting in its frequent administration. Transdermal formulation may circumvent these problems in the form of protransfersomes.

Improved bioavailability of timolol maleate via transdermal transfersomal gel: Statistical optimization, characterization, and pharmacokinetic assessment.

Timolol maleate (TiM), a nonselective β-adrenergic blocker, is a potent highly effective agent for management of hypertension. The drug suffers from extensive first pass effect, resulting in a reduction of oral bioavailability (F%) to 50% and a short elimination half-life of 4 h; parameters necessitating its frequent administration. The current study was therefore, designed to formulate and optimize the transfersomal TiM gel for transdermal delivery.