Amyl Nitrite-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Acute Therapy and Prevention.

Inhaled nitrites have been a substance of recreational use for centuries, primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is a lack of awareness of the use of inhaled nitrites in this population and the possible complications and health disparities it carries. In this case report, we present a 62-year-old man with a past medical history of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency presenting with severe hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia after recreational use of inhaled nitrites.

Effect of fingolimod vs interferon treatment on OCT measurements and cognitive function in RRMS.

Objective: To explore prospectively through OCT the rate of retinal layer changes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients followed up on fingolimod or interferon, as well as the treatments' differential effects on cognitive tests scores.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 128 stable RRMS patients treated either with fingolimod (n = 71) or interferon (n = 56). Symbol-Digit Modality Test and retinal OCT scans were obtained at baseline and every 6 to 12 months.

infection in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East.

A critical step in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis is to rule out a heterogeneous variety of multiple sclerosis mimickers, which is crucial in the era of powerful immune-modulator treatments. In this review, we discuss the background of toxocariasis in general, present central nervous system infection as one of the multiple sclerosis mimickers in the Middle East, and share our experience about the diagnosis and management of this condition. This entity seems very relevant in a region such as the Middle East, where displacement of populations and conflict can result in non-hygienic food and water management bundles.

Cumulative administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents: risks of accumulation and toxicity of linear vs macrocyclic agents.

Ever since gadolinium was found to deposit in the brain of patients with normal kidney function by Kanda et al. in 2014, several studies have been conducted to evaluate its effect on the patients' health. However, conflicting results were obtained regarding imaging in gadolinium retention.

Gadoterate Meglumine Administration in Multiple Sclerosis has no Effect on the Dentate Nucleus and the Globus Pallidus Signal Intensities.

Rationale And Objectives: Previous studies on possible accumulation of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) in the brain suggest that macrocyclic GBCA are less likely to accumulate than linear GBCA. However, conflicting results have been reported, especially in MS. The aim of this study is to investigate retrospectively the correlation between gadoterate-meglumine (macrocyclic GBCA) use and T1 signal intensity changes (SI) in the dentate nucleus and the GP on unenhanced T1-weighted images in a large cohort of MS patients.

Gadolinium effect on thalamus and whole brain tissue segmentation.

Purpose: Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) effect on automated segmentation algorithms of subcortical gray matter (GM) is not fully known. The aim of this study is to determine gadolinium effect on the segmentation of the thalamus and whole brain tissue using different automated segmentation techniques.

Methods: Eighty-four multiple sclerosis (MS) patients underwent an MRI acquisition of two 3DT1-weighted sequences with and without gadolinium injection among which 10 were excluded after image quality check.