Identifying urethral strictures using machine learning: a proof-of-concept evaluation of convolutional neural network model.

Introduction: To evaluate urethral strictures and to determine appropriate surgical reconstructive options, retrograde urethrograms (RUG) are used. Herein, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based machine learning algorithm to characterize RUG images between those with urethral strictures and those without urethral strictures.

Methods: Following approval from institutional REB from participating institutions (The Hospital for Sick Children [Toronto, Canada], St.