Dermal toxicity studies of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (CAS number: 2634-33-5) in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Biocides are used as preservatives in various household products, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) is one of the popular chemicals. Therefore, BIT is highly likely to be exposed to human skin, necessitating dermal toxicity evaluation. In this study, we aimed to investigate dermal toxicity, eyes and skin irritation, and skin sensitization of BIT.

Formulation of Dual-Functional Nonionic Cetomacrogol Creams Incorporated with Bacteriophage and Human Platelet Lysate for Effective Targeting of MDR and Enhanced Wound Healing.

Successful development of phage-based therapeutics and their utility predominantly depend on the mode and route of phage administration. Topical and site-directed phage application evokes minimal immune clearance and allows more phage-host adsorption, thereby ensuring higher phage efficacy. However, a notable drawback of conventional topical phage applications is the absence of sustained release.

Mitigated toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in combination exposure with copper ions by transformation into copper (I) oxide: Inhibits the oxidative potential of nanoplastics.

The combined impact of trace metals and polystyrene (PS) microplastics is extremely concerning for human health because PS microplastics can serve as a vehicle for other contaminants. Herein, we investigated the combined effect of copper ions (Cu) on the toxicity of PS nanoplastics in vivo and in vitro. The pristine PS (PPS) and ultraviolet irradiated oxidized PS (OPS) nanoplastics with 50 nm-size were conjugated with Cu (13-27 mg/g) for 4 days to get four types of samples: PPS, OPS, PPS/Cu, and OPS/Cu.

Synthesis and characterization of marine seagrass (Cymodocea serrulata) mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant properties.

Cymodocea serrulata mediated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) were successfully synthesized. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectra demonstrated the crystalline structure of TiO NPs and the presence of phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids in the extract. Further SEM revealed that TiO NPs has uniform structure and spherical in shape with their size ranged from 58 to 117 nm.

Anti-quorum Sensing and Anti-biofilm Effect of Nocardiopsis synnemataformans RMN 4 (MN061002) Compound 2,6-Di-tert-butyl, 1,4-Benzoquinone Against Biofilm-Producing Bacteria.

In this study, the anti-biofilm compound of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl, 1,4-benzoquinone was purified from Nocardiopsis synnemataformans (N. synnemataformans) RMN 4 (MN061002). To confirm the compound, various spectroscopy analyses were done including ultraviolet (UV) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), preparative HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Size- and oxidative potential-dependent toxicity of environmentally relevant expanded polystyrene styrofoam microplastics to macrophages.

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), also known as Styrofoam, is a widespread global pollutant, and its lightweight floating property increases its chances of weathering by abrasion and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, resulting in microplastics. Herein, we investigated the effects of particle size ((1 µm versus 10 µm), UV irradiation (pristine versus UV oxidation), and origin (secondary versus primary) on the toxicity of Styrofoam microplastics. The target cells used in this study were selected based on human exposure-relevant cell lines: differentiated THP-1 cells for macrophages, Caco-2 for enterocytes, HepG2 for hepatocytes, and A549 for alveolar epithelial cells.

Metal tolerance and biosorption of Pb ions by Bacillus cereus RMN 1 (MK521259) isolated from metal contaminated sites.

Recent years, metal pollution is an alarming factor to know about protects the environmental ecosystem due to the toxic, persistent and abundant in nature. Metals are present everywhere in the biotic and abiotic samples including soil, water, and microbes. The rate of bioaccumulation and biotransformation are very high.

Biokinetics of fluorophore-conjugated polystyrene microplastics in marine mussels.

Biokinetic information on microplastics in bivalves is required to reduce the human exposure, but little is known about the time-course and size effect on tissue absorption and clearance. The biokinetics of fluorophore-labeled polystyrene microbeads with diameters 10 µm (PL10) and 90 µm (PL90) in Mytilus galloprovincialis marine mussels was investigated in the present study. It was found that both PL10 and PL90 showed a biphasic tissue distribution pattern in digestive and non-digestive tissues, highlighting the significant tissue distribution starting from 48 h post-treatment.

Preparation of antibacterial Zn and Ni substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for efficient biofilm eradication.

Zinc (Zn) and, alternatively, nickel (Ni) substituted cobalt ferrite (CF) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of cubic structure of cobalt ferrite. FTIR analysis confirmed the vibrational band located at 550-580 cm that belongs to the M - O bond (M = Ni, and Zn).

Biosorption and adsorption isotherm of chromium (VI) ions in aqueous solution using soil bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

This study looked at the development of effective biosorbents to recover the most toxic elements from industrial water. B. amyloliquefaciens was isolated from marine soils showing extreme resistance to Chromium (Cr(VI)) ions.

Halophilic archaea and their extracellular polymeric compounds in the treatment of high salt wastewater containing phenol.

Phenol is one of the major organic pollutants in high salt industrial wastewaters. The biological treatment of such waste using microorganisms is considered to be a cost-effective and eco-friendly method. However, in this process, salt tolerance of microorganisms is one of the main limiting factors.

Acute and subacute repeated oral toxicity study of fragmented microplastics in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Polypropylene (PP) is the second most highly produced plastic worldwide, and its microplastic forms are found in water and food matrices. However, the effects of PP microplastics on human health remain largely unknown. Here, we prepared 85.

Effective removal of heavy metals in industrial wastewater with novel bioactive catalyst enabling hybrid approach.

Recent years, heavy metal reduction of contaminated atmosphere using microbes is heightened worldwide. In this context, the current study was focused on heavy metal resistant actinomycete strains were screened from effluent mixed contaminated soil samples. Based on the phenotypic and molecular identification, the high metal resistant actinomycete strain was named as Nocardiopsis dassonvillei (MH900216).

Development of chitosan decorated FeO nanospheres for potential enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of Congo red dye molecules.

FeO nanospheres (Nsps) and chitosan (Cts)/FeO Nsps were prepared using a one-pot hydrothermal method and subsequently used as photocatalysts against the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye molecules. The sphere-shaped FeO nanoparticles were heterogeneously decorated by the Cts matrix, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The Cts/FeO Nsps demonstrated 98% efficient photocatalytic activity against CR dye molecules upon 60 min exposure to visible light compared to FeO Nsps (77% for 60 min).

Laccase producing bacteria influenced the high decolorization of textile azo dyes with advanced study.

Recent year, bacterial laccases are increasing interest in the field of industry and environmental applications especially decolorization of azo dyes. In industry, the dyes are present in stable nature including chemicals and lights. Due to these defects, the novel approaches are needed to removal of dyes before discharging into the environment.

Highly efficient antibacterial activity of graphene/chitosan/magnetite nanocomposites against ESBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

In the present study, chitosan-containing nanocomposites were investigated as new antibacterial agents. Magnetite (FeO) nanoparticles (NPs) as well as chitosan (CS)/FeO nanocomposites (NCs) and graphene(Gr)/CS/FeO NCs were synthesized by simple hydrothermal method. Their composition, structure and morphology were studied, followed by the evaluation of their antibacterial activity against ESBL-producing and gram-negative P.

Effect of CO driven ocean acidification on calcification, physiology and ovarian cells of tropical sea urchin A microcosm approach.

In the present study, we depict the structural modification of test minerals, physiological response and ovarian damage in the tropical sea urchin using microcosm CO (Carbon dioxide) perturbation experiment. were exposed to hypercapnic conditions with four different pH levels using CO gas bubbling method that reflects ambient level (pH 8.2) and elevated pCO scenarios (pH 8.

Photocatalytic reduction and anti-bacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against multi drug resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus BDUMS 5 (MN310601).

In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was eco-friendly synthesized using purified flavonoid rich content of Morinda citrifolia (M. citrifolia) extract. The synthesized Ag NPs was exhibited at 420 nm in UV-spectrometer, and surface morphology with available chemical composition, shape and size of the Ag NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) variation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Highly efficient multifunctional graphene/chitosan/magnetite nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of important dye molecules.

Multifunctional chitosan/magnetite (CS/FeO) and graphene/chitosan/magnetite (Gr/CS/FeO) nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. The NCs were subsequently evaluated as magnetic photocatalysts towards the photodegradation of dye molecules that are detrimental to the environment. In the present study, sphere shaped FeO nanoparticles (NPs) were found to uniformly decorate CS and Gr surfaces.

Anti-biofilm investigation of graphene/chitosan nanocomposites against biofilm producing P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae.

In this study graphene/chitosan nanoparticles (GR/CS NCs) were developed. The homogenous combination of GR and CS was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The combination of CS with GR sheets reduced the XRD intensity of the GR peak in GR/CS NCs, while TEM images revealed the immobile CS coating of GR sheets.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles for inhibition of antibacterial resistance and biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci.

The ability of a natural stabilizing and reducing agent on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was explored using a rapid and single-pot biological reduction method using Nocardiopsis sp. GRG1 (KT235640) biomass. The UV-visible spectral analysis of Ag NPs was found to show a maximum absorption peak located at a wavelength position of ∼422 nm for initial conformation.