The process of removing Ca and Mg ions typically results in the co-precipitation of Ca and Mg along with other salt waste. To improve water treatment efficiency towards a zero-waste goal, it is crucial to separate Ca and Mg, and recover them in their purified form. This study proposes a two-step electrochemical approach that separately recovers Ca as CaCO and Mg as Mg(OH).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPaper mill Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) ash contains a mixture of alkali metal chloride (34.2 %) and sulfate (84.2 %) which has serious negative effects on the environment and makes it more expensive and constrained to dispose ESP ash.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe tannery effluent treatment plants produce tonnes of waste in the form of mixed salts containing sodium chloride, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium salts. Disposal of these mixed salts may create an environmental problem. The proposed method broadly consists of the separation of sodium chloride from reverse osmosis (RO) reject and raw-hide waste salt (preservative salt) of the tannery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ZnO particle with varieties of morphology was prepared from ice-cube of zinc ammonium complex at boiling water surface in 1 min induction of thermal shock. The zinc ammonium complex in ice cube was developed using zinc acetate and biologically activated ammonia in 1 hr and kept in the freezer. Temperature gradient behaviour of the water medium during thermal shock was captured by the thermal camera and thermometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe study explores biogenic nitrogen doped carbon microspheres derived from resorcinol, formaldehyde (BNCMs), for battery application. Ureolytic bacteria were used to produce biogenic ammonia in the form of ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate. Copolymerization of resorcinol, formaldehyde and biogenic ammonia at 60-80 °C produces BNCMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe development of biofilms by microorganisms is conventionally attributed to microbially induced corrosion on stainless steel surfaces and leads to severe consequences in industrial and environmental settings. Since bacterial biofilm formation is regulated by the signal mediated quorum sensing (QS) system, targeting biofilms through QS inhibitors will possibly control biologically induced corrosion on the metal surface. In this study, biofilm formation on 316L stainless steel (SS 316L) immersed in a natural pond water system was effectively inhibited in the presence of the QS inhibitor methyl eugenol, as evidenced through epifluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe anaerobic feed of tannery effluent was treated using a new invention of an integrated approach: electrochemical oxidation with aerobic pretreatment, which reduces the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur/sulfide gas formation. Bacterial consortium was used in the present study isolated from a common effluent treatment plant (CETP). Microbial community analysis of anaerobic feed of tannery effluent (AFTE) was done by next generation sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA two-compartment membrane electroflotation reactor has been demonstrated for recovery of recyclable chromium(III) from tannery spent liquor effluent. Dimensionally stable RuO/TiO-Ti and Ti were used as anode and cathode, respectively. The spent liquor effluent was used as catholyte and 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the study is to degrade pollutants as well as to increase the fertility of agricultural soil by starch enhancing electrokinetic (EKA) and electro-bio-stimulation (EBS) processes. Starch solution was used as an anolyte and voltage gradient was about 0.5V/cm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study presents a combined electrochemical, sunlight-induced oxidation and biological process for the treatment of textile effluent. In the first step, RuO-TiO/Ti and Titanium were used as the electrodes in EO process and color removal was achieved in 40 min at an applied current density of 20 mA cm. The EO process generated about 250 mg L of active chlorine which hampered the subsequent biological treatment process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA hybrid approach for the remediation of recalcitrant dye wastewater is proposed. The chlorine-mediated electrochemical oxidation of real textile effluents and synthetic samples (using Ti/IrO2-RuO2-TiO2 anodes), lead to discoloration by 92% and 89%, respectively, in 100min, without significant mineralization. The remediation was obtained through biodegradation, after removing the residual bio-toxic active chlorine species via sunlight exposition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThin film metallic glasses comprised of Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 (at.%) of approximately 1.5 μm and 3 μm in thickness were prepared using magnetron sputtering onto medical grade 316L stainless steel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCellulose membranes were engineered to produce hydrophobic surfaces via a simple and soft chemical process to introduce multifunctional properties of an otherwise hydrophilic cellulose surface with polymer-grafted nanosilver to form a core-shell nanostructure. A superhydrophobic domain of the polymer on cellulose was created through the amide bond formation between the anhydride units of the polymer and the aminosiloxane-functionalized cellulose through layer-over-layer formulation. This formulation was confirmed through XPS, XRD, 29Si-NMR, and FTIR studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe discharge from the dyeing industries constitutes unfixed dyes, inorganic salts, heavy metal complexes etc., which spoil the surrounding areas of industrial sites. The present article reports the use of direct current electrokinetic technique for the treatment of textile contaminated soil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe textile dyeing industry produces large volumes of wastewater during dyeing processes where the major step includes the color removal and COD removal. In the present study, the combined electrooxidation process and a novel biological degradation at high compressed gas pressure were studied. The removal of color in the real textile dye effluent was achieved by electrooxidation with Titanium Substrate Insoluble anode and titanium as cathode through generation of hypochlorite.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmCl3 (20 mol%) has been used as an efficient catalyst for reaction between aromatic aldehydes and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione at 120°C to give 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives in high yield. The same reaction in water, at room temperature gave only the open chain analogue of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene. Use of eco-friendly green Lewis acid, readily available catalyst and easy isolation of the product makes this a convenient method for the synthesis of either of the products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTitanium/titanium nitride (Ti/TiN) nanoscale multilayered films were deposited onto 316L stainless steel substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering using a Ti target. Coatings characterized by X-ray diffraction showed that the stack possesses centered cubic structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra on the etched surfaces of the stack film on steel exhibited the characteristic Ti2p, N1s, and O1s peaks at the corresponding binding energies 454.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobiologically influenced corrosion is a problem commonly encountered in facilities in the oil and gas industries. The present study describes bacterial enumeration and identification in diesel and naphtha pipelines located in the northwest and southwest region in India, using traditional cultivation technique and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of the isolates was carried out, and the samples obtained from the diesel and naphtha-transporting pipelines showed the occurrence of 11 bacterial species namely Serratia marcescens ACE2, Bacillus subtilis AR12, Bacillus cereus ACE4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AI1, Klebsiella oxytoca ACP, Pseudomonas stutzeri AP2, Bacillus litoralis AN1, Bacillus sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe nitrate concentration of surface has become a serious concern in agricultural industry through out the world. In the present study, nitrate was removed in the soil by employing electro-bioremediation, a hybrid technology of bioremediation and electrokinetics. The abundance of Bacillus spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA facultative anaerobic species Serratia marcescens ACE2 isolated from the corrosion products of diesel transporting pipeline in North West, India was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The role of Serratia marcesens ACE2 on biodegradation of diesel and its influence on the corrosion of API 5LX steel has been elucidated. The degrading strain ACE2 is involved in the process of corrosion of steel API 5LX and also utilizes the diesel as an organic source.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study enlightens the role of Bacillus cereus ACE4 on biodegradation of commercial corrosion inhibitors (CCI) and the corrosion process on API 5LX steel. Bacillus cereus ACE4, a dominant facultative aerobic species was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, which was isolated from the corrosion products of refined diesel-transporting pipeline in North West India. The effect of CCI on the growth of bacterium and its corrosion inhibition efficiency were investigated.
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