Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common subtypes of renal cancer, with 30% of patients presenting with systemic disease at diagnosis. This aggressiveness is a consequence of the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by many different inducers or regulators, signaling cascades, epigenetic regulation, and the tumor environment. Alterations in EMT-related genes and transcription factors are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC.

Tumor Cell-Induced Platelet Aggregation as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cancer Therapy.

Tumor cells have the ability to induce platelet activation and aggregation. This has been documented to be involved in tumor progression in several types of cancers, such as lung, colon, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, and brain. During the process, platelets protect circulating tumor cells from the deleterious effects of shear forces, shield tumor cells from the immune system, and provide growth factors, facilitating metastatic spread and tumor growth at the original site as well as at the site of metastasis.

Prognostic significance of SDF-1 chemokine and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 involved in EMT of prostate cancer.

Tendency to conversion from state of chronic inflammation to malignancy is a tumor characteristic trait, which encourages progression to its metastatic stage.. The inflammatory cells maintaining in the tumor inaugurate a communication with cancer cells and become tumor-fostering cells.

Clinicopathological significance of the EMT-related proteins and their interrelationships in prostate cancer. An immunohistochemical study.

The chronic inflammation influences a microenvironment, where as a result of losing control over tissue homeostatic mechanisms, the carcinogenesis process may be induced. Inflammatory response cells can secrete a number of factors that support both initiation and progression of cancer and also they may consequently induct an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the process responsible for development of distant metastasis. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is considered as a link between chronic inflammation and tumor development.