A mixed method investigation of teacher-identified barriers, facilitators and recommendations to implementing daily physical activity in Ontario elementary schools.

Background: Fewer than 17% of children worldwide are meeting the international recommendations for daily physical activity. Since most children are in school for the bulk of their day, the classroom has been identified as an ideal space to incorporate physical activity opportunities. In Ontario (Canada), the Daily Physical Activity (DPA) policy aims to ensure all elementary school children receive a minimum of 20 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity each school day during instructional time.

Antibodies against the DNABII protein integration host factor (IHF) inhibit sinus implant biofilms.

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common, costly condition often treated with endoscopic sinus surgery and intraoperative placement of intranasal sinus implant materials. Whereas these materials aid in postoperative healing, they also support bacterial biofilm formation and thus contribute to negative outcomes. This study examined pretreatment of sinus implant materials with antibody against an essential bacterial biofilm structural component, the DNABII family of DNA-binding proteins, as a strategy to prevent biofilm formation.

Factors associated with costs and health outcomes in patients with Back and leg pain in primary care: a prospective cohort analysis.

Background: There is limited research on the economic burden of low back-related leg pain, including sciatica. The aim of this study was to describe healthcare resource utilisation and factors associated with cost and health outcomes in primary care patients consulting with symptoms of low back-related leg pain including sciatica.

Methods: This study is a prospective cohort of 609 adults visiting their family doctor with low back-related leg pain, with or without sciatica in a United Kingdom (UK) Setting.

Development and Pragmatic Evaluation of a Rapid Response Team.

In response to national and local drivers, a clinical emergency response system (CERS) incorporating an intensivist-led rapid response team (RRT) was implemented at a Sydney (Australia) hospital. The authors present a pragmatic evaluation of the 5 years since this major initiative was commenced. A "partner not conquer" philosophy was adopted.

A survey of healthcare-seeking practices and related stigma among community- and street-based children in Cambodia.

Background: Globally, street children comprise a growing population of vulnerable children. Understanding how they interact with healthcare systems is fundamental to efforts to improve their health and well-being.

Methods: We surveyed 75 street- and community-based children in Battambang, Cambodia regarding their healthcare-seeking practices and related stigma.

Potassium Intake, Bioavailability, Hypertension, and Glucose Control.

Potassium is an essential nutrient. It is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid where it plays a key role in maintaining cell function. The gradient of potassium across the cell membrane determines cellular membrane potential, which is maintained in large part by the ubiquitous ion channel the sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) ATPase pump.

Identification and validation of oncologic miRNA biomarkers for luminal A-like breast cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer is a common disease with distinct tumor subtypes phenotypically characterized by ER and HER2/neu receptor status. MiRNAs play regulatory roles in tumor initiation and progression, and altered miRNA expression has been demonstrated in a variety of cancer states presenting the potential for exploitation as cancer biomarkers. Blood provides an excellent medium for biomarker discovery.

Congenital malformations of the eye and orbit.

Congenital malformations may affect any part of the eye and the ocular adnexa. Developmental defects may occur in isolation or as part of a larger systemic malformation syndrome. Many malformations can severely impair vision, whereas others have only cosmetic significance, and still others cause no symptoms and may go undiscovered or may be noted incidentally on routine eye examination.

Regioselective substitution of fluorine in F(8)BINOL as a versatile route to new ligands with axial chirality.

Nucleophilic substitution of aromatic fluorine in F(8)BINOL offers the possibility of selectively introducing a variety of substituents at the 6, 6', 7, and 7' positions. The configurational integrity of the homochiral precursors is maintained under the conditions described, allowing one to carry out these modification protocols on a microscale without the need for subsequent resolution steps. The resulting chiral ligands have been investigated as precursors to new asymmetric catalysts.

F8BINOL, an electronically perturbed version of BINOL with remarkable configurational stability.

[structure: see text] Substitution of hydrogens by fluorines at the 5, 5', 6, 6', 7, 7', 8, and 8' positions of BINOL strongly affects distribution of electron density within the biaryl skeleton but has a very small influence on the torsion angle. The most important consequence of this structural alteration is the dramatic increase in configurational stability of homochiral F8BINOL.

Selected eye defects of special importance in pediatrics.

This article reviews six defects of special importance in the care of children: aniridia, ectopia lentis, cataracts, glaucoma, colobomata, and optic nerve hypoplasia. In addition to causing potentially serious impairment of vision, these ocular disorders may be associated with significant systemic disease and genetic abnormalities.

Acquired nystagmus in early childhood: a presenting sign of intracranial tumor.

This study is a multicenter, retrospective report of 10 infants in whom acquired nystagmus was the initial sign of chiasmal/ parachiasmal glioma. Nine patients presented before the age of 10 months. The nystagmus, primarily described as pendular and asymmetric, was difficult to differentiate from and therefore most often diagnosed as spasmus nutans .

Pediatric neuro-ophthalmology.

The author discusses an extended list of the ophthalmic signs and symptoms of neurologic disease (some of which were once considered to be benign or isolated eye problems) under the general categories of vision problems, pupil signs, eye movement disorders, fundus abnormalities, and eyelid abnormalities.

Ocular histopathologic and biochemical studies of the cerebrohepatorenal syndrome (Zellweger's syndrome) and its relationship to neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy.

The eyes of three infants with cerebrohepatorenal disease (Zellweger's syndrome) who died demonstrated ganglion cell loss, gliosis of the nerve fiber layer and optic nerve, optic atrophy, and changes resembling those of retinitis pigmentosa in the retina and pigment epithelium. Ultrastructural examination showed bileaflet inclusions identical to those seen in neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy in the pigment epithelium and in pigmented macrophages, but these were absent in the cornea. Biochemical analysis of tissues demonstrated an excessive amount of very-long-chain fatty acids in the ocular tissues, an abnormality also found in adrenoleukodystrophy.

Intracranial malignancy in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma.

Tumors from two patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and intracranial malignancies were studied from a clinical, histopathological, and an immunohistochemical standpoint. An antiserum derived against tissue cultured Y-79 retinoblastoma cells was utilized in order to examine the surface and cytoplasmic antigens of the two brain tumors, histopathologically diagnosed as an embryonal cell carcinoma (case 1), a pinealoblastoma (case 2), and one ocular retinoblastoma. The two brain tumors reacted with the antiserum to different degrees.

Immunodiagnosis of late, recurrent retinoblastoma.

The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed a nasopharyngeal mass seven years following irradiation treatment of the left eye is described. Diagnosis of the new tumor was difficult by routine light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining of the original globes, the nasopharyngeal mass, and a cervical lymph node biopsy specimen with an antiserum prepared against tissue cultured retinoblastoma cells suggested the diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma rather than a "radiation-induced" sarcoma.

Chorioretinal lesions, sea-blue histiocytes and other manifestations in familial chronic granulomatous disease.

Several little-emphasized manifestations of familial chronic granulomatous disease are considered: destructive chorioretinal lesions may be as constant as the pigmented histiocytosis seen in reticuloendothelial organs and could be related to a defect in the phagocytic activity of the retinal pigment epithelium; pigmented histiocytes with the staining characteristics of sea-blue histiocytes may be present in the bone marrow; patients may present with lesions resembling eosinophilic granuloma. Also discussed are some observations related to the sequestration of bacteria within phagocytic cells and the use of continuous antimicrobial therapy.