Optimization of ultra-precision CBN turning of AISI D2 using hybrid GA-RSM and Taguchi-GRA statistic tools.

Ultra-precision turning is a crucial process in the manufacturing industry as it helps to produce parts with high dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and tolerance. The process is similar to traditional turning but is carried out under special circumstances to achieve greater precision and surface finish. The process can be applied to conventional structural materials, but the demand for machining hardened steels is increasing.