-Kaurane Diterpenoids from Genus: An Update of Chemical Diversity and Biological Aspects.

Coffee is one of the most important beverages in the world and is produced from spp. beans. Diterpenes with -kaurane backbones have been described in this genus, and substances such as cafestol and kahweol have been widely investigated, along with their derivatives and biological properties.

Protein hydrolysates derived from superworm (Zophobas morio): Composition, bioactivity, and techno-functional properties.

This study aimed to produce protein hydrolysates from superworm (Zophobas morio) flour using the enzymes alcalase (HA), protamex (HP), or flavourzyme (HF), and to characterize their nutritional composition, techno-functional properties, bioactive capacity, and bioaccessibility index. The enzymatic process increased the total amino acid and crude protein contents of the hydrolysates by approximately 36 % and 46 %, respectively, generating better foaming capacity, oil retention, and emulsification capacity, when compared to raw flour. Although 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical capture was similar between the hydrolysates, HA (1479,66 μM FeSO/g) and HP (1514,66 μM FeSO/g) showed greater antimicrobial and iron reducing power (FRAP) activity, while HF has a higher scavenging efficiency for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical (27.

Sarcopenia in Women with Anorectal Dysfunctions-A Female Sarcopelvic Study.

Anorectal dysfunctions (ARDs) include fecal incontinence (FI) and functional defecation disorders (FDDs). The pelvic floor muscles play a central role in the physiology of continence and defecation. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a female group with anorectal dysfunctions and compare them with a healthy female age-matched group.

High-Statistics Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron Spectrum with H.E.S.S.

Owing to their rapid cooling rate and hence loss-limited propagation distance, cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CRe) at very high energies probe local cosmic-ray accelerators and provide constraints on exotic production mechanisms such as annihilation of dark matter particles. We present a high-statistics measurement of the spectrum of CRe candidate events from 0.3 to 40 TeV with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, covering 2 orders of magnitude in energy and reaching a proton rejection power of better than 10^{4}.

High temperatures are associated with decreased immune system performance in a wild primate.

Rising temperatures due to climate change are predicted to threaten the persistence of wild animals, but there is little evidence that climate change has pushed species beyond their thermal tolerance. The immune system is an ideal avenue to assess the effects of climate change because immune performance is sensitive to changes in temperature and immune competency can affect reproductive success. We investigate the effect of rising temperatures on a biomarker of nonspecific immune performance in a wild population of capuchin monkeys and provide compelling evidence that immune performance is associated with ambient temperature.

Preclinical evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant chimeric protein vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical disease that can be fatal if acute and untreated. Diagnosis is difficult, the treatment is toxic and prophylactic vaccines do not exist. parasites express hundreds of proteins and several of them are relevant for the host's immune system.

Expression of Network Medicine-Predicted Genes in Human Macrophages Infected with .

spp. commonly infects phagocytic cells of the immune system, particularly macrophages, employing various immune evasion strategies that enable their survival by altering the intracellular environment. In mammals, these parasites establish persistent infections by modulating gene expression in macrophages, thus interfering with immune signaling and response pathways, ultimately creating a favorable environment for the parasite's survival and reproduction.

Monoterpene Hydroxy Lactones Isolated from sp. Microalga and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities.

Two monoterpenoid lactones, loliolide () and -loliolide (), were isolated from the crude dichloromethane extract of a microalga, sp.). The structures of loliolide () and -loliolide () were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR analysis, as well as a comparison of their H or/and C NMR data with those reported in the literature.

Food Consumption According to the NOVA Food Classification and Its Relationship with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women.

Background/objectives: Depression, anxiety, and stress are highly prevalent mental disorders worldwide, and food consumption can change in individuals with these conditions. We aimed to assess the food consumption of women with depressive symptoms and compare it to a control without symptoms.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 96 women, aged 18-59, allocated into two groups: control = 62) or depressive symptoms ( = 34).

Analysis of heart rate as a predictor of changes in heart rate variability in children.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive validity and cut-off point of heart rate and blood pressure on heart rate variability (HRV) changes in children with and without obesity.

Methods: This study included 125 children, of whom 41 were normal weight and 84 were obese. Anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV were measured using an electronic scale and stadiometer, a sphygmomanometer, and HRV monitor.

The preclinical pharmacokinetics of Tolinapant-A dual cIAP1/XIAP antagonist with in vivo efficacy.

AT-IAP (1-{6-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1H,2H,3H-pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridin-1-yl}-2-[(2R,5R)-5-methyl-2-{[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]methyl}piperazin-1-yl]ethan-1-one) was identified as a novel potent non-alanine small molecule dual inhibitor of cIAP1/XIAP protein. AT-IAP was assessed in preclinical species, demonstrating favorable bioavailability in rodent species and oral efficacy at 30 mg/kg in MDA-MB-231 mouse xenograft models. The major metabolic route of AT-IAP was identified to be CYP3A driven, resulting in low oral exposure in non-human primate (NHP) studies, given the comparatively high expression of equivalent CYP3A.

MASLD: What We Have Learned and Where We Need to Go-A Call to Action.

Since its introduction in 1980, fatty liver disease (now termed [MASLD]) has grown in prevalence significantly, paralleling the rise of obesity worldwide. While MASLD has been the subject of extensive research leading to significant progress in the understanding of its pathophysiology and progression factors, several gaps in knowledge remain. In this pictorial review, the authors present the latest insights into MASLD, covering its recent nomenclature change, spectrum of disease, epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality.

Matching clinical and genetic data in pediatric patients at risk of developing cystic kidney disease.

Background: Cystic kidney disease is a heterogeneous group of hereditary and non-hereditary pathologic conditions, associated with the development of renal cysts. These conditions may be present both in children and adults. Cysts can even be observed already during the prenatal age, and pediatric patients with cysts need to be clinically monitored.

The pace of life for forest trees.

Tree growth and longevity trade-offs fundamentally shape the terrestrial carbon balance. Yet, we lack a unified understanding of how such trade-offs vary across the world's forests. By mapping life history traits for a wide range of species across the Americas, we reveal considerable variation in life expectancies from 10 centimeters in diameter (ranging from 1.

Integrated Valorization of Alga: Polysaccharides and Bioactives for Edible Films and Residues as Biostimulants.

spp. seaweeds thrive in the cold temperate waters of the northern hemisphere, specifically in the littoral and sublittoral regions along rocky shorelines. Moreover, they are known to be a rich source of bioactive compounds.

Rapid progression of CD8 and CD4 T cells to cellular exhaustion and senescence during SARS-CoV2 infection.

Risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 include several comorbidities, but age was the most striking one since elderly people were disproportionately affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the reasons for this markedly unfavorable response in the elderly, immunosenescence and inflammaging appear as major drivers of this outcome. A finding that was also notable was that hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 have an accumulation of senescent T cells, suggesting that immunosenescence may be aggravated by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Crumpled graphene fully decorated with nickel-based nanoparticles applied in glyphosate detection.

Glyphosate (Glyp), a widely used herbicide, has raised significant concerns regarding its toxicological effects and potential risks to human health, particularly concerning water pollution. Hence, there is a critical need to monitor glyphosate levels in water bodies. This study introduces a novel approach for electrochemically detecting glyphosate in aqueous environments using crumpled graphene decorated with nickel-based nanoparticles (Ni:CG) synthesized in a single step.

Obesity alters the macrophages' response to Leishmania major in C57BL/6 mice.

Obesity is a global pandemic associated with several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is also a predisposing factor for infectious diseases, increasing mortality rates. Moreover, diet-induced obesity can cause metabolic fluctuations that affect macrophage differentiation in various organs.

Freestanding Films of Reduced Graphene Oxide Fully Decorated with Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing.

Developing thin, freestanding electrodes that work simultaneously as a current collector and electroactive material is pivotal to integrating portable and wearable chemical sensors. Herein, we have synthesized graphene/Prussian blue (PB) electrodes for hydrogen peroxide detection (HO) using a two-step method. First, an reduced graphene oxide/PAni/FeO freestanding film is prepared using a doctor blade technique, followed by the electrochemical deposition of PB nanoparticles over the films.

Functional capacity using sit-to-stand tests in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its relationship with disease severity-a cross-sectional study with matched controls.

Background: Functional capacity impairment is a crucial consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although it can be identified with simple tests, such as the sit-to-stand tests, its prevalence, relation with disease severity, and the characteristics of people presenting this impairment remain unknown.

Objective: To explore the functional capacity of people with COPD.

Er,Cr:YSGG and 980nm diode lasers influence dentin surface volume after cariogenic challenge: in vitro study.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation and 980-nm diode lasers on the surface roughness (SR) and volume loss (VL) of dentin subjected to cariogenic challenge. Subsequently, 130 specimens of bovine dentin were divided into the following 13 groups: NT: no treatment; FG: fluoride gel; FV: fluoride varnish; Di: 980-nm diode; Di + FG; Di + FV; FG + D; FV + Di; Er: Er,Cr:YSGG; Er + FG; Er + FV; FG + Er and FV + Er. Er,Cr:YSGG laser parameters were as follows: 0.

Observational evidence of the association between physical and psychological determinants of aging with cognition in older adults.

Aging involves physical and cognitive deterioration in older adults. Detecting predictors of dementia early is crucial to identify its onset. This study aimed to associate physical and psychological determinants with cognitive performance in older adults.

UV Radiation and Protein Hydrolysates in Bio-Based Films: Impacts on Properties and Italian Salami Preservation.

UV radiation was combined with the incorporation of fish protein hydrolysates to improve the performance of active bio-based films for food packaging. UV radiation was not used previously to enhance the packaging performance of blend films of starch/protein, and fish protein hydrolysates were not incorporated in bio-based polymer surfaces previously. Rice starch and fish proteins (from Whitemouth croaker muscle) were utilized to prepare films by the casting technique, which were UV-radiated under different exposure times (1, 5, and 10 min).