CLSY docking to Pol IV requires a conserved domain critical for small RNA biogenesis and transposon silencing.

Eukaryotes must balance the need for gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) against the danger of mutations caused by transposable element (TE) proliferation. In plants, these gene expression and TE silencing activities are divided between different RNA polymerases. Specifically, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), which evolved from Pol II, transcribes TEs to generate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide DNA methylation and block TE transcription by Pol II.

A Rapid, Simple Workflow for Quantification of External Adult Drosophila Structures.

The Drosophila compound eye is a precisely patterned tissue that has revealed molecular mechanisms and biological processes that drive morphogenesis. It is a simple structure of repeating unit eyes, termed ommatidia, that is used to characterize genetic interactions and gene functions. Mutations that affect eye architecture can be easily detected and analyzed; hence, this system is frequently used in under-resourced institutions.

Evaluation of decision support to wean patients from mechanical ventilation in intensive care: a prospective study reporting clinical and physiological outcomes.

This study investigated the clinical and physiological response to use of the BEACON Caresystem, a bedside open-loop decision support system providing advice to guide clinicians when weaning patients from invasive mechanical ventilation. Multicenter prospective study conducted in five adult intensive care units in the UK. Following screening and assent, intubated patients mechanically ventilated for > 24 h were randomized to intervention or usual care.

Single-molecule RNA-FISH analysis reveals stochasticity in reactivation of latent HIV-1 regulated by Nuclear Orphan Receptors NR4A and cMYC.

HIV-1 eradication strategies require complete reactivation of HIV-1 latent cells by Latency Reversing Agents (LRA). Current methods lack effectiveness due to incomplete proviral reactivation. We employed a single-molecule RNA-FISH (smRNA-FISH) and FISH-Quant analysis and found that proviral reactivation is highly variable from cell-to-cell, stochastic, and occurs in bursts and waves, with different kinetics in response to diverse LRAs.

overexpression induces autophagic cell death.

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process where double membrane-bound structures form around macromolecules or organelles targeted for degradation. Autophagosomes fuse with lysosomes to facilitate degradation and macromolecule recycling for homeostasis or growth in a cell autonomous manner. In cancer cells, autophagy is often up-regulated and helps cancer cells survive nutrient deprivation and stressful growth conditions.

Brazilian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Individuals with Severe Obesity.

Purpose: Adapting and validating the Portuguese version of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes to allow it to be used by the Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery.

Materials And Methods: This study included 329 individuals with body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m, candidates for bariatric surgery at a reference hospital in Brazil.

Recent advances in photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy for cervical cancer: a systematic review.

Introduction: Despite the evidence that photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with chemotherapy presents great potential to overcome the limitations of monotherapy, little is known about the current status of this combination against cervical cancer. This systematic review aimed to address the currently available advances in combining PDT and chemotherapy in different research models and clinical trials of cervical cancer.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review based on PRISMA Statement and Open Science Framework review protocol using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane databases.

CLSY docking to Pol IV requires a conserved domain critical for small RNA biogenesis and transposon silencing.

Eukaryotes must balance the need for gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) against the danger of mutations caused by transposable element (TE) proliferation. In plants, these gene expression and TE silencing activities are divided between different RNA polymerases. Specifically, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV), which evolved from Pol II, transcribes TEs to generate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that guide DNA methylation and block TE transcription by Pol II.

Replication Assay of Begomovirus in Arabidopsis Protoplasts.

Protoplasts are isolated plant cells from which the cell walls have been removed by treatment with fungal cellulase and macerozyme enzymes, which degrade the primary components of the cell wall. The protoplasts are totipotent, sensitive, and versatile; thereby, they have been extensively used to study signal transduction pathways, cell-autonomous responses, and replication of plant viruses. This system has several advantages over the use of whole plants for viral replication, including a high percentage of infected cells and uncoupling virus movement from replication assays.

Moving targets: Mechanisms regulating siRNA production and DNA methylation during plant development.

DNA methylation is a conserved modification that must be precisely regulated during development to facilitate its roles in silencing transposable elements and regulating gene expression. In plants, DNA methylation changes during reproduction are widely documented and, in many cases, the underlying mechanisms are well understood. In somatic tissues, the diversity of methylation patterns are only recently emerging but they are often associated with the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway.

Dasatinib: effects on the macrophage phospho proteome with a focus on SAMHD1 and HIV-1 infection.

Macrophages are one of the main cellular targets of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Macrophage infection by HIV-1 is inefficient due to the presence of the viral restriction factor sterile alpha motif and histidine aspartic acid domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) express SAMHD1 in an equilibrium between active (unphosphorylated) and inactive (phosphorylated) states.

HIV-1-induced type I IFNs promote viral latency in macrophages.

Macrophages chronically infected with HIV-1 serve as a reservoir that contributes to HIV-1 persistence during antiretroviral therapy; however, the mechanisms governing the establishment and maintenance of this virus reservoir have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that HIV-1 enters a state reminiscent of latency in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), characterized by integrated proviral DNA with decreased viral transcription. This quiescent state is associated with decreased NF-κB p65, RNA polymerase II, and p-TEFb recruitment to the HIV-1 promoter as well as maintenance of promoter chromatin in a transcriptionally nonpermissive state.

HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Impart a Modest Interferon Response and Upregulate Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Macrophages.

HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells is associated with the induction of an IFN response. How HIV-1 manipulates and subverts the IFN response is of key interest for the design of therapeutics to improve immune function and mitigate immune dysregulation in people living with HIV. HIV-1 accessory genes function to improve viral fitness by altering host pathways in ways that enable transmission to occur without interference from the immune response.

HIV-1 provirus transcription and translation in macrophages differs from pre-integrated cDNA complexes and requires E2F transcriptional programs.

HIV-1 cDNA pre-integration complexes persist for weeks in macrophages and remain transcriptionally active. While previous work has focused on the transcription of HIV-1 genes; our understanding of the cellular milieu that accompanies viral production is incomplete. We have used an system to model HIV-1 infection of macrophages, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to compare the transcriptomes of uninfected cells, cells harboring pre-integration complexes (PIC), and those containing integrated provirus and making late HIV proteins.

The CLASSY family controls tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns in Arabidopsis.

DNA methylation shapes the epigenetic landscape of the genome, plays critical roles in regulating gene expression, and ensures transposon silencing. As is evidenced by the numerous defects associated with aberrant DNA methylation landscapes, establishing proper tissue-specific methylation patterns is critical. Yet, how such differences arise remains a largely open question in both plants and animals.

Cardiac Tamponade - a Cause of Sudden Death in a Premature Newborn.

Background: Cardiac tamponade is a potential complication in neonates with central venous catheters (CVC). Cardiac tamponade may be due to infection, a CVC related complication, or parental nutrition (PN) effusion.

Case Report: This is a preterm (30 weeks gestational age), very low birth weight male, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

Intracranial rebleeding post spinal anesthesia in pregnant patient with undiagnosed chronic subdural hematoma: case report.

Intracranial hematoma after spinal anesthesia is a rare complication. It generally presents with posture-dependent headache that becomes persistent. We describe the case of patient submitted to spinal anesthesia for cesarean section who presented a non-posture-dependent headache, resistant to clinical treatment, that progressively worsened and with symptoms of intracranial hypertension.

Perioperative administration of recombinant activated factor VII in a Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patient with platelet refractoriness: case report.

Glanzmann's Trombasthenia (GT) is a genetic disorder, that develops with a tendency toward bleeding and is characterized by the absence or decrease in platelet aggregation. Surgical bleeding may be difficult to control. Platelet transfusion is the main treatment, albeit refractoriness can occur.

Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces deleterious cytokine release induced by ingenol stimulation.

Latency reversing agents (LRAs), such as protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, constitute a promising strategy for exposing and eliminating the HIV-1 latent reservoir. PKC agonists activate NF-κB and induce deleterious pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Adjuvant pharmacological agents, such as ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, have previously been combined with LRAs to reduce deleterious pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion without inhibiting HIV-1 reactivation in vitro.

A plant-specific syntaxin-6 protein contributes to the intracytoplasmic route for the begomovirus CabLCV.

Because of limited free diffusion in the cytoplasm, viruses must use active transport mechanisms to move intracellularly. Nevertheless, how the plant single-stranded DNA begomoviruses hijack the host intracytoplasmic transport machinery to move from the nucleus to the plasmodesmata remains enigmatic. Here, we identified nuclear shuttle protein (NSP)-interacting proteins from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by probing a protein microarray and demonstrated that the cabbage leaf curl virus NSP, a facilitator of the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral (v)DNA, interacts in planta with an endosomal vesicle-localized, plant-specific syntaxin-6 protein, designated NSP-interacting syntaxin domain-containing protein (NISP).

Facing Racism and Sexism in Science by Fighting Against Social Implicit Bias: A Latina and Black Woman's Perspective.

The editors of several major journals have recently asserted the importance of combating racism and sexism in science. This is especially relevant now, as the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to a widening of the gender and racial/ethnicity gaps. Implicit bias is a crucial component in this fight.

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 6 Is Required for Efficient HIV-1 Latency Reversal.

The HIV-1 latent reservoir is the major barrier to an HIV cure. Due to low levels or lack of transcriptional activity, HIV-1 latent proviruses are not easily detectable and cannot be targeted by either natural immune mechanisms or molecular therapies based on protein expression. To target the latent reservoir, further understanding of HIV-1 proviral transcription is required.

Intensive Care Weaning (iCareWean) protocol on weaning from mechanical ventilation: a single-blinded multicentre randomised control trial comparing an open-loop decision support system and routine care, in the general intensive care unit.

Introduction: Automated systems for ventilator management to date have been either fully heuristic rule-based systems or based on a combination of simple physiological models and rules. These have been shown to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in simple to wean patients. At present, there are no published studies that evaluate the effect of systems that use detailed physiological descriptions of the individual patient.

Presenteeism among health care workers: literature review.

Presenteeism is an occupational and psychosocial phenomenon with negative impact on the work environment. In addition to causing losses in productivity losses, it also has implications for the state of health of workers. Therefore, presenteeism is likely to become a serious public health problem.