Diet and Other Modifiable Factors in Long-Term Decline of Kidney Function: Observational and Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Lower physical activity, lower alcohol intake, higher protein intake, higher sodium intake, and lower potassium intake related to greater kidney function decline over time, according to previous studies. The present study aimed to analyze the cumulative effects of these factors.

Methods: This prospective, observational, population-based cohort study included 3039 adult examinees of the Gubbio study who participated in the baseline exam and 15-year follow-up exam.

Marital status and long-term cardiovascular risk in general population (Gubbio, Italy).

To investigate whether marital status is associated to long-term major fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events in men and women from the Gubbio Population Study. The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) and CVD death together with all-cause mortality were analyzed. The analysis included 2832 persons (44% men, 54 ± 11 years old).

Relation of Alcohol Intake to Kidney Function and Mortality Observational, Population-Based, Cohort Study.

Data are conflicting about the effects of alcohol intake on kidney function. This population-based study investigated associations of alcohol intake with kidney function and mortality. The study cohort included adult participants in Exam-1, Exam-2 (6-year follow-up), and Exam-3 (20-year follow-up) of the Gubbio study.

Relationship of the Intake of Water and Other Beverages With Renal Endpoints: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data-Observational, Population-Based Study.

Objectives: The relationship of water intake with kidney function in the population is uncertain. This study investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally the relationship of the intake of water and other beverages with kidney function within an adult Italian population sample.

Methods: In 4,554 Gubbio Study examinees (54.

Urinary Potassium and Kidney Function Decline in the Population-Observational Study.

-Some data suggest favorable effects of a high potassium intake on kidney function. The present population-based study investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal relations of urinary potassium with kidney function. -Study cohort included 2027 Gubbio Study examinees (56.

A report on the Gubbio Study thirty-eight years after its inception.

Background: The Gubbio Population Study (Gubbio Study) is a prospective epidemiological study carried out on the resident population of the city of Gubbio, Perugia, Italy. The study's objectives were both of public health nature (the control and awareness of hypertension), and experimental (the role of electrolyte handling at the cellular membrane level and its relation to hypertension). Additional objectives were addressed during the 30+ year activity of the study, in particular the role of kidney dysfunction.

Sodium intake and kidney function in the general population: an observational, population-based study.

Background: The relationships of sodium intake to kidney function within the population have been poorly investigated and are the objective of the study.

Methods: This observational, population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study targeted 4595 adult participants of the Gubbio study with complete data at baseline exam. Of these participants, 3016 participated in the 15-year follow-up (mortality-corrected response rate 78.

Impact of Sex on Office White Coat Effect Tail: Investigating Two Italian Residential Cohorts.

To assess the impact of sex on office white-coat effect tail (OWCET), the waning of systolic blood pressure (SBP) after its waxing during office visit, on the incidence of long-term major fatal and non-fatal events in two Italian residential cohorts [from the Gubbio Study and the Italian Rural Areas of the Seven Countries Study (IRA)]. There were 3565 persons (92 with missing data, 44% men, 54 ± 11 years) included in the Gubbio and 1712 men (49 ± 5 years) in the IRA studies. OWCET was defined as a decrease of ≥10 mmHg in SBP between successive measurements with slight measurement differences between the two cohorts.

Estimation of metabolic syndrome heritability in three large populations including full pedigree and genomic information.

Metabolic syndrome is a complex human disorder characterized by a cluster of conditions (increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia, excessive body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels). Any of these conditions increases the risk of serious disorders such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Currently, the degree of genetic regulation of this syndrome is under debate and partially unknown.

Low Protein Intake in the Population: Low Risk of Kidney Function Decline but High Risk of Mortality.

Objective: This population-based study investigated low protein intake, mortality, and kidney function decline.

Design: Observational longitudinal cohort study.

Subjects: Target cohort consisted of 4,679 adults participating in 1988-1992 and 2001-2007 examinations of the Gubbio Study (baseline and follow-up).

Osmotic indices and kidney concentrating activity: population-based data on correlates and prognostic power.

Background: Research data are limited on indices of osmotic equilibrium and of kidney concentrating activity (KCA). This study investigated correlates and prognostic power of these indices in a sample of the general population.

Methods: Urine osmolality (U-osm), plasma osmolality (P-osm), plasma creatinine and other variables were measured by the Gubbio Study for the 1988-92 exam (baseline).

Antihypertensive treatment is not a risk factor for major cardiovascular events in the Gubbio residential cohort study.

Background And Objectives: Demonstration of antihypertensive beneficial role in population settings is difficult. Relationships of antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure control, risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes were investigated in the Gubbio study.

Material And Methods: Among 2248 cardiovascular disease-free men and women aged 35-74 years, individuals were classified as nonhypertensive, controlled hypertensive, uncontrolled hypertensive and untreated hypertensive based on cut-off limits of 140/90  mmHg for SBP/DBP and/or the use of antihypertensive drugs.

Heritability of blood pressure through latent curve trajectories in families from the Gubbio population study.

Background And Objectives: Prospective investigations on cardiovascular risk factors in populations provide a unique opportunity to dissect time-dependent quantitative complex traits, such as arterial blood pressure (BP), into their polygenic and environmental components. BP heritability analyses were carried out on 2620 patients belonging to 711 nuclear pedigrees that could be followed up throughout 25 years in the Gubbio Population Study.

Methods: Each patient's BP serial measurements were summarized into individual intercepts (expected values at baseline) and slopes (time-related changes), which were predicted through latent curve models.

Cohort profile: The Gubbio Population Study.

The Gubbio Study is a prospective epidemiological study on the population residing in the city of Gubbio, Italy. Original objectives of the study were the control of hypertension and the role of cellular electrolyte handling in hypertension. Other objectives were added during the 30-year activity of the study.

Early bactericidal activity and pharmacokinetics of PA-824 in smear-positive tuberculosis patients.

PA-824 is a novel nitroimidazo-oxazine being evaluated for its potential to improve tuberculosis (TB) therapy. This randomized study evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and extended early bactericidal activity of PA-824 in drug-sensitive, sputum smear-positive, adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Fifteen patients per cohort received 1 of 4 doses of oral PA-824: 200, 600, 1,000, or 1,200 mg per day for 14 days.

Assessment of the effects of the nitroimidazo-oxazine PA-824 on renal function in healthy subjects.

The mechanism underlying a dose-dependent, reversible increase in serum creatinine (SC) caused by the administration of PA-824, a novel nitroimidazo-oxazine, was evaluated in 47 healthy male and female volunteers. Subjects were administered either 800 or 1,000 mg PA-824 or matching placebo once daily for 8 days. The following renal function parameters were determined before and during dosing and after a 7-day washout: SC, glomerular filtration rate (GFR; measured as the iohexol clearance), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF; measured as the para-amino hippurate clearance), filtration fraction (FF), creatinine clearance (CrCl), extraglomerular creatinine excretion (EGCE; defined as CrCl minus GFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) levels.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of PA-824 in healthy subjects.

PA-824 is a novel antibacterial agent that has shown in vitro activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The compound's MIC is between 0.015 and 0.

Twenty-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality trends and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Gubbio, Italy: the role of blood pressure changes.

Aims: In an observational population study that lasted 20 years, the relationships between mortality trends and changes in cardiovascular risk factor levels were examined.

Methods And Results: In the town of Gubbio, in central Italy, population surveys for measurement of cardiovascular risk factors were performed 20 years apart. In a subset of the initial cohort (1927 men and 2333 women), mortality data were collected for 20 years.

Definition of kidney dysfunction as a cardiovascular risk factor: use of urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Background: Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have been used separately to provide information about cardiovascular risk. We analyzed whether UAE and eGFR used together provide complementary information.

Methods: We analyzed UAE, eGFR, cardiovascular risk factors, and incidence of cardiovascular disease in 1665 men and women of the Gubbio Population Study (aged 45-64 years).

Low muscular mass and overestimation of microalbuminuria by urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.

Microalbuminuria is a mild urinary albumin elevation and is associated with cardiovascular disease. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio is recommended for microalbuminuria assessment, because it reflects urinary albumin excretion. Muscular mass could affect albumin/creatinine ratio, because urinary creatinine reflects muscular mass.

Indexation criteria of ventricular mass and predictive role of blood pressure and body composition.

Background: There is no definite consensus on which indexation of left ventricular mass (LVM) should be used to better identify left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Left ventricular mass has been adjusted to height, to height2.7(h2.

Enhanced Na-Li countertransport: a marker of inherited susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.

Unlabelled: Introduction The association between type 2 diabetes and hypertension has long been described, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Na-Li countertransport (Na-Li CT) activity is viewed as a marker of inherited pre-disposition to hypertension, especially if associated with other metabolic abnormalities. Aim To evaluate whether enhanced Na-Li CT activity is a predictor of type 2 diabetes.