Rheological analysis of sputum from patients with chronic bronchial diseases.

Bronchial diseases are characterised by the weak efficiency of mucus transport through the lower airways, leading in some cases to the muco-obstruction of bronchi. It has been hypothesised that this loss of clearance results from alterations in the mucus rheology, which are reflected in sputum samples collected from patients, making sputum rheology a possible biophysical marker of these diseases and their evolution. However, previous rheological studies have focused on quasi-static viscoelastic (linear storage and loss moduli) properties only, which are not representative of the mucus mobilisation within the respiratory tract.

Hyaluronic acid gel based on CPM technology with and without lidocaine: Is there a difference?

Background: In 2011, a cohesive polydensified matrix (CPM ) hyaluronic acid (HA) gel filler was approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration. In 2014, lidocaine was added to the gel during its manufacturing process.

Objectives: To compare the behavior and rheological properties of a CPM HA gel with and without lidocaine.