The Mediating Role of Brown Fat and Skeletal Muscle Measured by F-Fluorodeoxyglucose in the Thermoregulatory System in Young Adults.

Objective: This study aimed to examine whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) or skeletal muscle activity mediates the relationship between personal level of environmental temperature (Personal-ET) and wrist skin temperature (WT). Moreover, we examined whether BAT and skeletal muscle have a mediating role between Personal-ET and WT (as a proxy of peripheral vasoconstriction/vasodilation).

Methods: The levels of BAT were quantified by cold-induced F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and measured the Personal-ET and WT by using iButtons (Maxim Integrated, Dallas, Texas) in 75 participants (74.

Rationale and methods of the MOVI-da10! Study -a cluster-randomized controlled trial of the impact of classroom-based physical activity programs on children's adiposity, cognition and motor competence.

Background: Although physical activity (PA) integrated in schools' classrooms have shown a positive effect on children's behaviors, its effectiveness on cognitive functions, PA levels and other health variables remains unclear. This article outlines the rationale and methods of two classroom-based PA interventions (MOVI-da10!) on improving adiposity, executive function and motor competence in preschool children.

Methods: A three-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out including eight schools (rural and urban areas) from Cuenca province, Spain.

Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Mental Health of Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Evidence suggests that participation in physical activity may support young people's current and future mental health. Although previous reviews have examined the relationship between physical activity and a range of mental health outcomes in children and adolescents, due to the large increase in published studies there is a need for an update and quantitative synthesis of effects.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of physical activity interventions on mental health outcomes by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, and to systematically synthesize the observational evidence (both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies) regarding the associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and mental health in preschoolers (2-5 years of age), children (6-11 years of age) and adolescents (12-18 years of age).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and site-specific risk of cancer in men: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause morbidity and mortality; nevertheless, the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of cancer remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to synthetize the evidence on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and the risk of several sites of cancer in men.

Methods: A computerised search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from their inception to 13th February 2019 was performed.

Associations between health-related quality of life and physical fitness in 4-7-year-old Spanish children: the MOVIKIDS study.

Purpose: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in childhood is defined as an individual's subjective perception of the impact of health status on physical, psychological and social functioning. Nowadays, measuring of HRQOL has become an important outcome indicator in evaluating health-care. However, in younger children, the role of cardiorespiratory and other physical fitness components on HRQOL is unclear.

Total Dairy, Cheese and Milk Intake and Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-sectional Studies.

The aim of this review was to determine the relationship between dairy product consumption and arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). We systematically searched the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases until 30 January 2019 for cross-sectional data from studies addressing the association between dairy product consumption and PWV. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018110528).

MOVI-daFIT! Intervention: Rationale and design of a cluster randomized controlled trial testing the effects on improving adiposity, cognition, and subclinical atherosclerosis by increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in children.

Introduction: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs have demonstrated positive effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic parameters, but their impact on other health parameters (such as body mass and fat) and cognition remains unclear. This paper presents the rationale and methods of a HIIT after-school physical activity (PA) intervention (MOVI-daFIT!) on reducing fat mass and cardiovascular risk, and improving physical fitness, executive function, and academic achievement among children aged 9 to 11 years old.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), including 10 schools from Cuenca province, Spain, was designed.

Conceptualisations on home care for pressure ulcers in Spain: perspectives of patients and their caregivers.

Background: Pressure ulcers represent an important worldwide public health problem, which substantially decrease the quality of life of those affected. Yet, few studies to date have analysed the perceptions regarding home care for pressure ulcers.

Aims: To explore the conceptualisations regarding home care of pressure ulcers from the perspective of affected patients and their caregivers.

EVIDENT Smartphone App, a New Method for the Dietary Record: Comparison With a Food Frequency Questionnaire.

Background: More alternatives are needed for recording people's normal diet in different populations, especially adults or the elderly, as part of the investigation into the effects of nutrition on health.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the estimated values of energy intake, macro- and micronutrient, and alcohol consumption gathered using the EVIDENT II smartphone app against the data estimated with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in an adult population aged 18 to 70 years.

Methods: We included 362 individuals (mean age 52 years, SD 12; 214/362, 59.

Impact of a multicomponent physical activity intervention on cognitive performance: The MOVI-KIDS study.

Introduction: This study examined the impact of a multicomponent physical activity (PA) intervention (MOVI-KIDS) on improving cognition in schoolchildren. This paper also analyzed the mediator role of motor fitness between MOVI-KIDS and cognition.

Methods: Propensity score analysis of data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (MOVI-KIDS study).

Effectiveness of a school-based physical activity intervention on adiposity, fitness and blood pressure: MOVI-KIDS study.

Objective: To test a physical activity intervention (MOVI-KIDS) on obesity indicators, physical fitness and blood pressure (BP) in children.

Methods: A crossover randomised cluster trial was conducted, which comprised 1434 children (4-7 years old) from 21 schools in the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real in the Castilla-La Mancha region of Spain. The intervention consisted of three 60 min sessions/week on weekdays between October 2013 and May 2014.

Steps per Day and Arterial Stiffness.

Arterial stiffness has emerged as an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, objectively monitored steps per day is widely perceived to be beneficial for controlling health risk factors, and for preventing morbidity and mortality. The aim of this review was to determine the relationship between steps per day and arterial stiffness, as measured by its reference standard, pulse wave velocity (PWv).

Combined use of a healthy lifestyle smartphone application and usual primary care counseling to improve arterial stiffness, blood pressure and wave reflections: a Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT II Study).

Our aim was to investigate the effects of an intervention that comprised a brief counseling session on lifestyle habits together with the use of the EVIDENT (Lifestyles and arterial aging) application on the modification of markers that indicated different hemodynamic functions, such as arterial stiffness, blood pressure or wave reflections. The EVIDENT II study (Lifestyles and arterial aging) is a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups. Each participant had an initial visit and two follow-up visits at 3 and 12 months where the peripheral augmentation index-PAIx75 was measured by tonometry, while an oscillometric method was used for the cardio-ankle vascular index-CAVI and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity-baPWV.

Glycated haemoglobin A1c as a predictor of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the relationship between the increase of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant with type 1 diabetes mellitus; and to determine from which trimester the increase of HbA1c levels better predicts the risk of suffering preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnant women.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Web of Science databases, from inception to May 2017, for observational studies addressing the association of HbA1c levels with preeclampsia. Fixed effects models were used to compute pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for preeclampsia in type 1 diabetic pregnant women.

Effectiveness of insulin glargine U-300 versus insulin glargine U-100 on nocturnal hypoglycemia and glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 ui/ml (Gla-300) compared with insulin glargine 100 ui/ml (Gla-100) on reducing nocturnal hypoglycemia and improving glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: We systematically searched in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until July 4th, 2018. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017080134).

Neurocognition and functional outcome in patients with psychotic, non-psychotic bipolar I disorder, and schizophrenia. A five-year follow-up.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are characterized by neurocognitive and functional deficits with marked heterogeneity. It has been suggested that BD with a history of psychotic symptoms (BD-P) could constitute a phenotypically homogeneous subtype characterized by greater neurocognitive and functional impairments, or by a distinct trajectory of such deficits. The aim of this study was to compare the neurocognitive and functional course of euthymic BD-P, euthymic BD patients without a history of psychosis (BD-NP), stabilized patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects, during a five-year follow-up.

Movement behaviors and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Growing evidence has accumulated in recent years showing that movement behaviors have important implications for health in children, especially for cardiovascular health, whose risk factors could track from childhood to adulthood. However, these findings are mixed and inconsistent in children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different movement behaviors (sedentary behavior, physical activity and sleep duration) and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Relationship between exclusive breast feeding and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Breast feeding has been considered important due to its short-term and long-term benefits on infant and maternal health. Regarding the long-term benefits, the influence of exclusive breastfeeding on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) during childhood and adolescence has been studied, although with controversial conclusions. This study protocol aims to provide a clear and standardised procedure for systematically reviewing the relationship between breast feeding, in terms of duration and exclusivity, and CRF in children and adolescents.

Skin Autofluorescence-Indicated Advanced Glycation End Products as Predictors of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in High-Risk Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background Chronic deposits of advanced glycation end products produced by enzymatic glycation have been suggested as predictors of atherosclerotic-related disorders. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between advanced glycation end products indicated by skin autofluorescence levels and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality based on data from observational studies. Methods and Results We systematically searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science databases from their inceptions until November 2017 for observational studies addressing the association of advanced glycation end products by skin autofluorescence levels with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

School-Based Exercise Programs and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-analysis.

Context: The effects of school-based physical activity (PA) programs on different cardiometabolic risk factors and the most appropriate features of PA programs to achieve maximum effectiveness are unclear.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of the effectiveness of school-based PA interventions on cardiometabolic risk factors in children.

Data Sources: We identified studies from database inception to February 22, 2018.

No Association Between Active Commuting to School, Adiposity, Fitness, and Cognition in Spanish Children: The MOVI-KIDS Study.

Background: Walking and bicycling (active commuting) to school may be a useful strategy to increase the daily amount of physical activity, and, potentially, improve children's health. However, it is unclear whether active commuting to school (ACS) has the potential to improve physical health and cognitive performance in children. Our aim was to examine the relationship between ACS with adiposity indicators, physical fitness, and cognitive performance in 4- to 7-year-old children.

Physical examination to screen for peripheral artery disease in a defined Primary Care population: A diagnostic accuracy study.

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an underdiagnosed prevalent disease which implies high cardiovascular risk. Professionals usually depend on physical examination to screen for PAD.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination to screen for PAD in a rural Primary Care population and to evaluate the nurse-physician level of agreement in pedal pulse palpation.

Multimodality respiratory physiotherapy reduces mortality but may not prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia or reduce length of stay in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.

Question: In intubated adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation, does multimodality respiratory physiotherapy prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia, shorten length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and reduce mortality?

Design: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Participants: Intubated adult patients undergoing mechanical ventilation who were admitted to an intensive care unit.

Intervention: More than two respiratory physiotherapy techniques such as positioning or postural drainage, manual hyperinflation, vibration, rib springing, and suctioning.

Role of Physical Activity and Fitness in the Characterization and Prognosis of the Metabolically Healthy Obesity Phenotype: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The aims of the present article are to systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on: 1) differences in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MST) between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO); and 2) the prognosis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality/morbidity in MHO individuals, compared with the best scenario possible, i.e., metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW), after adjusting for PA, SB, CRF or MST.

Diagnostic value of halo sign in young women (aged 45 to 49 years) in a breast screening programme with synthesized 2D mammography.

Objective:: To assess the clinical performance of the halo sign in tomosynthesis and synthesized 2D mammography, and to identify age groups where its diagnostic value may be greater.

Methods:: 183 patients with nodules were recalled from the breast screening programme (with tomosynthesis and 2D synthesized mammograms). The patients were separated into two groups, 45-49 years and 50-69 years, and depending on the presence or not of halo sign.