Understanding the role of B cells in CAR T-cell therapy in leukemia through a mathematical model.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has been proven to be successful against a variety of leukemias and lymphomas. This paper undertakes an analytical and numerical study of a mathematical model describing the competition of CAR T, leukemia, tumor, and B cells. Considering its significance in sustaining anti-CD19 CAR T-cell stimulation, a B-cell source term is integrated into the model.

Impact of the use of plaque modification techniques on coronary microcirculation using an angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance.

Many lesions in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) exhibit significant calcification. Several techniques have been developed to improve outcomes in this setting. However, their impact on coronary microcirculation remains unknown.

Evidence-based Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease.

Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the large myocardial mass at risk. Although medical treatment may be an option in selected low-risk patients, revascularisation is recommended to improve survival in the majority of patients presenting with a significant left main stenosis. In the past decade, multiple randomised clinical trials and meta-analyses have compared coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), finding controversial results.

Role of vericiguat in management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction after worsening episode.

Worsening heart failure (HF) is a vulnerable period in which the patient has a markedly high risk of death or HF hospitalization (up to 10% and 30%, respectively, within the first weeks after episode). The prognosis of HF patients can be improved through a comprehensive approach that considers the different neurohormonal systems, with the early introduction and optimization of the quadruple therapy with sacubitril-valsartan, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and inhibitors. Despite that, there is a residual risk that is not targeted with these therapies.

Early improvement of global longitudinal strain after iron deficiency correction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Background: Iron deficiency correction with ferric carboxymaltose improves symptoms and reduces rehospitalization in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The mechanisms underlying these improvements are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine changes in left ventricular contractility after iron treatment as reflected in global longitudinal strain.

World Heart Federation Roadmap on Atrial Fibrillation - A 2020 Update.

The World Heart Federation (WHF) commenced a Roadmap initiative in 2015 to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and resultant burgeoning of healthcare costs. Roadmaps provide a blueprint for implementation of priority solutions for the principal cardiovascular diseases leading to death and disability. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of these conditions and is an increasing problem due to ageing of the world's population and an increase in cardiovascular risk factors that predispose to AF.

A Mathematical Description of the Bone Marrow Dynamics during CAR T-Cell Therapy in B-Cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated high rates of response in recurrent B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in children and young adults. Despite this success, a fraction of patients' experience relapse after treatment. Relapse is often preceded by recovery of healthy B cells, which suggests loss or dysfunction of CAR T-cells in bone marrow.

Lie point symmetries for generalised Fisher's equations describing tumour dynamics.

A huge variety of phenomena are governed by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs). However, there is no general method to solve them. Obtaining solutions for differential equations is one of the greatest problem for both applied mathematics and physics.

Development of alternatives to estimate resting metabolic rate from anthropometric variables in paralympic swimmers.

The resting metabolic rate (RMR) is one of the most representative components of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Multiple equations have been developed to estimate RMR, but none have been described for Para-Athletes. This study aimed to; i) develop and validate new RMR estimation models from anthropometric variables; and ii) explore the level of agreement between the RMR determined by indirect calorimetry (IC) and the developed models, as well as a selection of existent estimation models in Para-Athletes.

Improvement in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Symptoms After Cardioversion: Role of NYHA Functional Class and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm.

Background: The European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) score is a proven and validated tool for assessing the symptoms of atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about the variables related to this score and how it changes after cardioversion.

Methods: We analyzed 744 patients undergoing elective cardioversion in whom AF-related symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up using the EHRA score.

Dynamical properties of feedback signalling in B lymphopoiesis: A mathematical modelling approach.

Haematopoiesis is the process of generation of blood cells. Lymphopoiesis generates lymphocytes, the cells in charge of the adaptive immune response. Disruptions of this process are associated with diseases like leukaemia, which is especially incident in children.

A mesoscopic simulator to uncover heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics in tumors.

Increasingly complex in silico modeling approaches offer a way to simultaneously access cancerous processes at different spatio-temporal scales. High-level models, such as those based on partial differential equations, are computationally affordable and allow large tumor sizes and long temporal windows to be studied, but miss the discrete nature of many key underlying cellular processes. Individual-based approaches provide a much more detailed description of tumors, but have difficulties when trying to handle full-sized real cancers.

High-Dimensional Analysis of Single-Cell Flow Cytometry Data Predicts Relapse in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.

Artificial intelligence methods may help in unveiling information that is hidden in high-dimensional oncological data. Flow cytometry studies of haematological malignancies provide quantitative data with the potential to be used for the construction of response biomarkers. Many computational methods from the bioinformatics toolbox can be applied to these data, but they have not been exploited in their full potential in leukaemias, specifically for the case of childhood B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.

Impact of prescription patterns of antithrombotic treatment on atrial fibrillation-related ischemic stroke.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trends of atrial fibrillation (AF)-related ischemic stroke (IS) and their relationship with the prescription patterns of antithrombotic treatment from 2013 to 2019 in the Health Assistance Area of a regional hospital.

Methods: First, a retrospective ecological study of aggregate data to analyze the annual incidence of IS between 2013 and 2019 was performed. Second, we selected those patients diagnosed with AF between 2013 and 2019 and performed a retrospective longitudinal study to assess the role of antithrombotic therapy in the development of AF-related IS.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiac Arrhythmias.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a very contagious virus, has led to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The clinical manifestations of this virus in humans vary widely, from asymptomatic to severe, with diverse symptomatology and even death. The substantial transmission from asymptomatic people has facilitated the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2, hampering public health initiatives to identify and isolate infected people during the pre-symptomatic contagious period.

Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure: a review of echocardiographic features.

Anemia and iron deficiency are often associated with heart failure, influencing the symptoms and prognosis. Correction of anemia and iron deficiency improves functional capacity and decreases hospitalizations. Many studies have analyzed echocardiographic parameters in iron deficiency and anemia and their evolution after iron treatment; however, the heterogeneity of the results makes it difficult to draw conclusions.