[Results of PROMESA I study; efficacy and safety of a very low calorie diet application and following alimentary reeducation with the PronoKal® method in the treatment of excess of weight].

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy in the reduction of weight with a cetogenic very low calorie diet followed by alimentary reeducation according to the PronoKal® method in patients with overweight and obesity, and the safety during the procedure.

Methods: Retrospective, observational and multicentre study where the patient's descriptive variables, variables related with the ponderal change, abdominal waist circumference, and general biochemistry were statistically analysed at the end of each treatment stages, and the adverse events referred at each visit during the treatment.

Results: From the 426 evaluable cases, 62.

Lower heart rate variability is associated with higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: In type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors related to insulin resistance, which in turn are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is considered one of the first indicators of CAN. Since the autonomic nervous system interacts with systemic inflammation, we evaluated CAN to study its possible association with low-grade systemic inflammation.

Diabetic neuropathy is associated with activation of the TNF-alpha system in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The development of diabetic neuropathy (DN) is predicted by cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance. As inflammation seems to be implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, we investigated whether subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and DN have an increase in plasma concentrations of inflammatory proteins involved in insulin resistance.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Self-administered subcutaneous fluid infusion at home in the management of fluid depletion and hypomagnesaemia in gastro-intestinal disease.

Background And Aims: In short bowel fistula and some other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, salt, water and magnesium (Mg) balance may continue negative despite oral treatment, even in patients with adequate nutritional status. This study describes the use of self-administered subcutaneous fluid infusions (HSCF) to treat this problem.

Patients & Methods: HSCF was administered to patients with GI failure and adequate macro-nutrient status (BMI) when GI salt, water and magnesium balance continued negative despite optimal diet, drug and supplemental treatment.

Insulin revisited.

Injury and critical illness are characterised by hyperglycaemia, high free fatty acids and high net protein catabolism, due partly to suppression of insulin secretion in the shock phase and insulin resistance in the flow phase of injury, accompanied by high levels of cytokines and the catabolic hormones cortisol, glucagon and catecholamines. Pre-operative carbohydrate loading reduces post-operative insulin resistance and its consequences. Insulin has been shown to reduce the catabolic response as well as controlling hyperglycaemia.

[Graves Basedow disease following treatment with magistral formulae for obesity. Jod-Basedow phenomenon?].

Two cases are reported of women aged 18 and 36 years respectively who developed a typical picture of hyperthyroidism by Graves Basedow disease (primary hyperthyroidism, diffuse goiter with increased uptake, positive stimulating thyroid antibodies, exophthalmos). These women had taken drugs for obesity which were prepared by magistral formula and acquired by mail 8 and 9 months prior to diagnosis of the disease. The differential diagnosis is discussed which should be considered in a women with hyperthyroidism and the antecedent of ingestion of weight-reducer drugs as well as the orientative data of the different causes.