Effect of dapagliflozin on epicardial fat volume in patients with acute coronary syndrome assessed by computed tomography.

Background And Aim: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular outcomes; one of the target organs is epicardial adipose tissue, achieving a 10-20% change in patients with diabetes but excluding acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on epicardial fat in patients with ACS assessed by non-contrast cardiac tomography (CT) and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods And Results: This cohort nested case-control study included 52 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and acute myocardial infarction with and without ST-segment elevation. Cases were defined as all patients assigned to dapagliflozin 10 mg, and controls were patients assigned to placebo.

Management of rare movement diseases in different world regions.

To evaluate the management of rare movement disorders (RMD) at the international level and identify care needs to be addressed, the Rare Movement Disorders Study Group of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society (MDS) has conducted an exploratory survey. We sent an online survey to experts in Africa, Asia, Oceania and American continents following the classification of the MDS Regional Sections: Africa, Asia and Oceania (A&O), and Pan-America. We did not include Europe as the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases recently performed a similar care needs survey across European countries.

COVID-19 and Integrated Multidisciplinary Care Model in Parkinson's Disease: Literature Review & Future Perspectives.

Clinical diversity and multi-systemic manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) necessitate the involvement of several healthcare professionals from different disciplines for optimal care. Clinical guidelines recommend that all persons with PD should have access to a broad range of medical and allied health professionals to implement an efficient and effective multidisciplinary care model. This is well supported by growing evidence showing the benefits of multidisciplinary interventions on improving quality of life and disease progression in PD.

Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation to Treat Medication-Refractory Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

: Treating medication-refractory freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains challenging despite several trials reporting improvements in motor symptoms using subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) region DBS has been used for medication-refractory FoG, with mixed findings. FoG, as a paroxysmal phenomenon, provides an ideal framework for the possibility of closed-loop DBS (CL-DBS).

Lower Urinary Tract and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Are Common in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is a common nonmotor feature and early manifestation of Parkinsons disease (PD). Autonomic dysfunction in PD is associated with a worse prognosis. We sought to characterize autonomic dysfunction and identify associated factors in patients with early PD.

Review of Hereditary and Acquired Rare Choreas.

Background: Movement disorders are often a prominent part of the phenotype of many neurologic rare diseases. In order to promote awareness and diagnosis of these rare diseases, the International Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Society Rare Movement Disorders Study Group provides updates on rare movement disorders.

Methods: In this narrative review, we discuss the differential diagnosis of the rare disorders that can cause chorea.

Square Biphasic Pulse Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: The BiP-PD Study.

Background: Conventional Parkinson's disease (PD) deep brain stimulation (DBS) utilizes a pulse with an active phase and a passive charge-balancing phase. A pulse-shaping strategy that eliminates the passive phase may be a promising approach to addressing movement disorders.

Objectives: The current study assessed the safety and tolerability of square biphasic pulse shaping (sqBIP) DBS for use in PD.

Changes in Midline Tremor and Gait Following Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder characterized by kinetic and postural tremor in the upper extremities and frequently in the midline. Persons with ET often also exhibit gait ataxia. Previous studies have observed associations between midline tremor severity and gait ataxia in persons with ET, suggesting a common pathophysiology distinct from that of upper extremity tremor.

Variants as Cause of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 76.

Background: Autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a rare group of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders characterized by spasticity with or without other symptoms. gene is the most common cause of autosomal recessive HSP. We report a case of autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 76 due to heterozygous variants of in an Argentinean subject.

Causes and outcomes of hospitalization in Lewy body dementia: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Understanding hospitalization in Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a known knowledge gap. We aimed to identify common causes, medication profiles, complications, and outcomes of hospitalization in LBD.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study investigated details of academic medical center hospitalizations over a two-year period for patients with LBD.

A randomized study of botulinum toxin versus botulinum toxin plus physical therapy for treatment of cervical dystonia.

Background: Physical therapy (PT) for cervical dystonia is not well studied, and the underlying physiological effects are not known.

Methods: We enrolled 26 subjects comprising of 16 cervical dystonia and 10 healthy controls for normative physiological data. We randomized cervical dystonia patients who reported suboptimal benefits on botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections to BoNT alone (BoNT arm) or BoNT plus PT (PT-BoNT arm).

Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Versus Zona Incerta Region Deep Brain Stimulation in Essential Tremor.

Background: The ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is the target of choice for Essential Tremor (ET) deep brain stimulation (DBS). Renewed interest in caudal zona incerta (cZI) stimulation for tremor control has recently emerged and some groups believe this approach may address long-term reduction of benefit seen with VIM-DBS.

Objectives: To compare clinical outcomes and DBS programming in the long-term between VIM and cZI neurostimulation in ET-DBS patients.

Athetoid Movements as Initial Manifestation of Primary Sjögren Syndrome.

Background: Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland and extraglandular symptoms. We present a case report of pSS with an initial presentation of athetoid movements.

Case Report: A 74-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of slow undulating movements in her trunk and thighs that eventually spread to her neck and lower extremities.

Longitudinal Follow-up of Impedance Drift in Deep Brain Stimulation Cases.

Background: Impedance is an integral property of neuromodulation devices that determines the current delivered to brain tissue. Long-term variability in therapeutic impedance following deep brain stimulation (DBS) has not been extensively investigated across different brain targets. The aim was to evaluate DBS impedance drift and variability over an extended postoperative period across common DBS targets.

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's: Sleep disorders and nondopaminergic associations.

Objectives: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are common among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Risk factors identified for developing ICDs include young age, family history, and impulsive personality traits. However, the association of these potentially disabling disorders with nondopaminergic drugs and sleep disorders has been understudied.