Salivary IL-1 Beta Level Associated with Poor Sleep Quality in Children/Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: Sleep disorders are common in youths with autism spectrum disorders. Inflammatory cytokines such as Il-1 beta and Il-6 in saliva have been associated with alterations in sleep quality in various conditions. We assessed whether there were associations between the salivary concentration of IL-1 beta and IL-6 and sleep quality in youths with ASD versus typically developing (TD) age- and gender-matched youths.

Formulation-based cognitive behavioral therapy compared to an active control and a waitlist in adult inmates with ADHD: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Recent literature suggests that ADHD is a risk factor for the development of antisocial behavior that is more severe and persistent than in community and other psychiatric populations. The combination of stimulant medication and psychotherapy (particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT) is considered an evidence-based intervention for adults with ADHD. In contrast, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of medication in adult prisoners with ADHD, and the literature on the efficacy of psychotherapy is virtually nonexistent.

Autistic Children/Adolescents Have Lower Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Higher Salivary IL-6 Concentration: Potential Diet-Inflammation Links?

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Many patients with ASD often show behavioral problems at mealtimes, including food selectivity and atypical feeding behaviors. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has a beneficial effect on mental health for the general population across different ages.

Intestinal Barrier, Immunity and Microbiome: Partners in the Depression Crime.

Depression is a highly prevalent disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. It has a major impact on the affected individual and on society as a whole. Regrettably, current available treatments for this condition are insufficient in many patients.

Clinical decision-making before discharge in hospitalized persons with schizophrenia: a Spanish Delphi expert consensus.

Introduction: The care of people with schizophrenia (PWS) is usually provided in an outpatient setting by community mental health teams. However, PWS frequently require inpatient treatment because of a wide array of clinical, personal and/or social situations. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there are no guidelines available to help psychiatrists in the decision-making process on hospital discharge for PWS.

Dual disorder: does expert clinical experience support the rationale for cariprazine use?

Comorbid substance use disorder (SUD) in patients with schizophrenia (dual disorder, DD) is a frequent occurrence in the psychiatric clinical practice and is positively associated with poorer outcomes. Despite a very high co-prevalence, clinical guidelines for SUD and severe mental illnesses tend to give limited consideration to co-existing disorders regarding diagnosis and management. This article is the result of a meeting held in February 2023 to discuss common challenges and best clinical practice initiatives for patients with schizophrenia and DD in different treatment settings.

Circadian Disruption and Mental Health: The Chronotherapeutic Potential of Microbiome-Based and Dietary Strategies.

Mental illness is alarmingly on the rise, and circadian disruptions linked to a modern lifestyle may largely explain this trend. Impaired circadian rhythms are associated with mental disorders. The evening chronotype, which is linked to circadian misalignment, is a risk factor for severe psychiatric symptoms and psychiatric metabolic comorbidities.

Exploring developmental trajectories throughout adolescence of children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability.

Characterizing the developmental trajectories of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) throughout adolescence and across different domains of functioning offers opportunities to improve long-term outcomes. This prospective study explored, for the first time, the evolution of children with ASD-without intellectual disability (ID) in terms of socio-adaptative skills, learning behaviors, executive functioning (EF), and internalizing/externalizing problems, compared to typically developing (TD) peers. Forty-five children with ASD-without ID and 37 matched TD children (aged 7-11) were assessed at baseline and after 5 years.

A Feasibility Study of Patients with Major Depression and Substance Use Disorders: Vortioxetine as Maintenance Treatment.

Background: Limited studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vortioxetine in real-world settings, and none of them has involved patients with dual depression (major depressive disorder [MDD] and substance use disorder [SUD]). The objective of the study was to describe the effectiveness of vortioxetine in clinical practice and determine its effect on affective symptoms, cognitive function, quality of life, and substance use in patients with MDD and SUD.

Methods: Post-authorization, retrospective, multicenter, descriptive, and observational study in 80 patients with MDD and SUD receiving a maintenance treatment with vortioxetine for six months between January 2017 and April 2021.

Cognitive and behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Understanding the developmental trajectories of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without comorbid ADHD is relevant to tailor care plans. This prospective study assessed, for the first time, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and learning outcomes in adolescence of children with ASD-ADHD and in those with ASD+ADHD in childhood. Possible predictors of severity of ASD core symptoms in adolescence were also evaluated.

Effectiveness of tianeptine in patients with major depressive disorder and substance use disorder.

The depressive disorder coexists in a high prevalence with a substance-related disorder, which is asso- ciated with a worst prognosis. The therapeutic interventions for this co-morbidity lack of the appropriate scientific sup- port. The existing evidence suggest that the currently avail- able anti-depressive drugs are of minor efficacy in this group of patients.

Treatment Needs and Service Delivery for Patients with Dual Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the WADD Survey.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great challenge for the existing health systems. The restrictions imposed across countries on the movement of people and the realignment of health care services in response to the pandemic are likely to negatively affect the health status and delivery of mental health services to persons with dual disorders (PWDD). An online survey was conducted among mental health professionals involved in providing care to PWDD to better understand the problems encountered and identify potential solutions in providing continued treatment for PWDD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Developmental outcomes in adolescence of children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability: A systematic review of prospective studies.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID) represent approximately two-thirds of the ASD population. Here we focused on prospective research assessing different areas of functioning of children with ASD, without ID, until adolescence. Based on a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42020189029), a systematic review of prospective studies (published between 01.

Structure and Functioning of Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Units in Spain: Qualitative Study.

Background: As a consequence of the decentralization of health care provision to the different Regions (called Autonomous Communities) in Spain, different health care models and resources have been developed for psychiatric patients. It would be very useful to obtain comprehensive and comparative data on health care models, resources, and activity of acute inpatient psychiatric units (AIPUs) as a key part of mental health systems.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the current state of AIPUs in Spain through a national scorecard that allows the current situation to be visualized in terms of resources, processes, and outputs.

Use of Antipsychotics in Patients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Results of a Spanish Delphi Consensus.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are difficult to manage and associated with poor outcome.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to reach consensus on the use of antipsychotics in patients with BPSD in Spain.

Methods: A qualitative, multicenter, two-round Delphi study was carried out, with the participation of specialists involved in the care of dementia patients throughout Spain.

Professional perception of clozapine use in patients with dual psychosis.

Introduction: Patients with psychotic disorders often have substance use disorders and other addictions. The objective of this study was to know the current treatment situation of these patients focusing on clozapine, which was proposed in most consensus as antipsychotic of first choice in this indication.

Material And Methods: A survey with 14 questions on aspects related to the treatment and management of the dual disorders was developed, emphasizing the role of clozapine in this disease.

A meta-review of literature reviews assessing the capacity of patients with severe mental disorders to make decisions about their healthcare.

Background: Determining the mental capacity of psychiatric patients for making healthcare related decisions is crucial in clinical practice. This meta-review of review articles comprehensively examines the current evidence on the capacity of patients with a mental illness to make medical care decisions.

Methods: Systematic review of review articles following PRISMA recommendations.

Empirical examination of executive functioning, ADHD associated behaviors, and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD, remittent ADHD, and without ADHD.

Background: Previous studies suggest that childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may continue in adulthood, producing adverse effects. Therefore, identifying factors that help to differentiate characteristics of ADHD persistence and remission has practical implications for evaluation and treatment. The first aim of this study was to analyze differences in executive functions (shift, working memory, inhibition, and plan/organize), symptoms associated with ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and self-concept), and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD (ADHD-P), with remittent ADHD (ADHD-R), and without ADHD (N-ADHD).

Correction to: Once‑Monthly Long‑Acting Injectable Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia and Co‑occurring Substance Use Disorders: A Multicentre, Observational Study.

A randomized, 1-year follow-up study comparing LAI aripiprazole with LAI paliperidone in patients with psychosis, mostly schizophrenia, and SUD reported a large effect of the change from baseline in the CGI severity score, from 5.9 to 2.4 for LAI aripiprazole and from 5.

Once-Monthly Long-Acting Injectable Aripiprazole for the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders: A Multicentre, Observational Study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and impact of long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole in patients with schizophrenia with a coexisting substance use disorder (SUD).

Patients And Methods: A multicenter, observational, descriptive and retrospective study was conducted in patients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia who had a coexisting SUD and were treated with LAI-aripiprazole. Disease severity was evaluated with the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scale for schizophrenia, daily functioning and disability were evaluated with the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Scale (WHODAS-2.